智力障碍儿童对威胁性身体表情视觉搜索的注意偏向  

The Threatening Body Expressions Attention Bias of Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Visual Search

作　　者：刘景弘 贾林祥[1] LIU Jinghong;JIA Linxiang(College of Educational Science,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou,221116)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学教育科学学院,徐州221116

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2020年第12期27-33,共7页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：江苏师范大学研究生科研创新项目“生活社区对智力障碍儿童的社会适应力影响(2019XKT178)”阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：正确识别身体表情信息是智力障碍儿童良好社会适应的重要保障。本研究选取真实身体表情图片,结合视觉搜索范式,对比30名同龄普通儿童和30名智力障碍儿童对愤怒、恐惧两种威胁性身体表情的注意偏向特点。结果发现:(1)两组被试在中性分心物中搜索威胁性身体表情目标的速度显著快于相反条件;(2)智力障碍儿童在愤怒目标/中性分心矩阵中的搜索速度显著快于恐惧目标/中性分心矩阵,但普通儿童在两种情绪矩阵中的搜索速度差异不显著;(3)智力障碍儿童在各个实验条件下的反应速度均显著慢于普通儿童。上述研究结果说明,两组儿童都会对威胁性身体表情产生注意偏向,但智力障碍儿童对愤怒身体表情的注意偏向更强,普通儿童对愤怒和恐惧身体表情的注意偏向相当。Recognizing body expression information correctly guarantees social adaptation of children with intellectual disabilities.The visual search task and real body expression pictures have been used in this study to conduct an assessment of the attention bias of two threatening body expressions of 30 children with intellectual disabilities and 30 ordinary children,namely,anger and fear.The results were as follows:1) The participants in both groups were significantly faster than those in the opposite condition when searching for the target of threatening body expressions in the neutral distractor;2) The search speed of children with intellectual disabilities in the anger/neutral distraction matrix was significantly faster than that of the fear/neutral distraction matrix,but there was no significant difference in the search speed of ordinary children;3) The reaction speed of children with intellectual disabilities was significantly slower than that of ordinary children under all experimental conditions.The results indicate that both groups of children have an attention bias towards threatening body expressions,but children with intellectual disabilities have a stronger attention bias towards anger,while ordinary children have the same attention bias towards anger and fear.

关 键 词：智力障碍儿童 视觉搜索 威胁性身体表情 注意偏向 

分 类 号：G764[文化科学—特殊教育学]