“心即理”何以成为阳明心学的基石——王阳明对“心即理”的传承与论证  

Cornerstone of Wang’s Mind Study:Mind is Reason——Wang’s inheritance and justification of“Mind is Reason”

作　　者：李承贵[1] LI Cheng-gui(Department of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期1-8,共8页Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences

基　　金：贵州省2018年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题(项目编号:18GZGX04);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地(山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心)重大项目“儒家生生思想研究——以易学为中心”(项目编号:16JJD720012);国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国人性论义理结构与形态研究”(项目编号:15AZD031)。

摘　　要：王阳明为何传承陆象山“心即理”命题?又如何对此命题进行“论证”?以往的讨论虽然有所关注,但大多语焉未详。根据考察与分析,王阳明之所以传承并信奉“心即理”,约有三大起因:置疑朱子“格物”之学,源于动机与结果何者为判定是非根据之困惑,默认孟子、象山一系学问之旨趣。而王阳明对“心即理”的论证,大致不外乎唯心论、价值论、宇宙论、德性论四个向度。王阳明认为,具体物事稍纵即逝,因而若使“理”免于消失之风险,必须寄付于恒久不失的“心”;事象价值的显现与否完全取决于“心”在不在场,“心”若不在场,事象即无意义,因而事象不离于“心”,故“理”在“心”;宇宙万物进化的顶点是人心,“心”是宇宙的精华,宇宙万物皆摄于“心”;人之于先天的善务必自信自觉,自信善体才能发用流行,才能确立是非善恶标准,而自信善体,便是“心纯乎理”。可见,王阳明关于“心即理”的论证,既具逻辑上的严密性,亦有体系上的自洽性,从而为其心学体系奠定了牢固的基石。Why did Wang Yangming inherit the proposition of“Mind is Reason”from Lu Xiangshan?And how did he justify it?Few previous studies have given enough evidence.This study has found out that there are three possible reasons for his adoption of that theory:his questioning of Zhu Xi's theory of studying things,his confusion in discerning motivation and result as the standard of judgment,and his acceptance of the study of Mencius-Lu Xiangshan School.However,Wang Yangming's argument for the theory comes from nowhere but the following four dimensions:idealism,axiology,view of the universe and virtue theory.He believes that nothing could stay forever,and so to keep reason from disappearing,it must be attached to the eternal mind.Value of things is determined by the presence of mind,and if mind is absent,nothing is of value.As nothing could stay away from mind,reason must be in mind.The ultimate point of evolution of the universe is mind,which is the essence of the universe and reflects everything in the universe.Man’s born kindness is self-confidence and self-consciousness,which go popular and set up standards of right and wrong,kind and evil.So self-confidence and self-consciousness also mean that mind is purely reason.It can be seen that his argument is both logical and systematically self-consistent,thus laying a solid foundation for his Mind Study system.

关 键 词：王阳明 心即理 传承 论证 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]