童年研究中的儿童中心主义:方法论与方法  

Child-centeredness in Childhood Study:Methodology and Methods

作　　者：王海英[1] WANG Haiying(School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期15-27,共13页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划课题“我国非营利性民办园制度建设研究”(BFA170056)的研究成果。

摘　　要：作为一个“教育公理”和“研究公理”,儿童中心主义经历了“以成人为中心”“儿童被放于中心”“儿童有时在中心”“儿童成为中心”的认识论演化,也经历了从“研究儿童”“与儿童一起研究”及“参与式儿童研究”的方法论变迁。在宏观层面,方法论与方法中的儿童中心主义表现为三重变化:人口学研究法从“家庭为分析单元”到“儿童为分析单元”;大范围调查法中儿童“从数据提供者”到“数据采集者”;历史分析法中从“童年史”到“童年新史”。在微观层面,方法论与方法中的儿童中心主义表现为以儿童为中心的访谈、儿童民族志、参与式儿童研究的崛起。未来的儿童中心主义必须在“参与性对象化”和“阐释性再生产”的基础上实现反思与超越。As an axiom governing educational practice and research,the principle of child-centeredness has undergone the epistemological evolution from“adult-centeredness”to“children being put in the center”to“children being sometimes in the center”to“children being the center”.Correspondingly,the research methodology has also experienced changes from“research on children”to“research with children”to“participatory children research”.At the macro level,the development of child-centeredness in both methodology and methods is manifested in the following three changes:demographic studies have changed from taking“family as analysis unit”to having“children as analysis unit”;in large-scale survey,the role played by the children has changed from“data provider”to“data collector”;and in historical analysis,the focus has shifted from“history of childhood”to“new history of childhood”.At the micro level,child-centeredness in both methodology and methods is manifested in the rise of child-centered interview,children ethnography and participatory children research.In the future,the philosophy of child-centeredness should be improved by making reflection and transcendence on the basis of“participatory objectification”and“interpretative reproduction”.

关 键 词：儿童中心主义 方法论 方法 新童年社会学 参与式儿童研究 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]