近代中国伦理变迁中的主体觉醒:孙中山“三民主义”在乡村  

The Subject Awakening in the Transition of Ethics in Modern China:Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People Propagated in Chinese Countryside

作　　者：张燕[1] ZHANG Yan(School of Public Administration,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期152-160,共9页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国乡村伦理研究”(15ZDB014);江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“乡村治理的制度伦理研究”(18ZXC003)的研究成果。

摘　　要：近代百年历程中,中华民族经历了由盲目顺从压迫、不自觉反抗侵略到自觉为民族生存、国家独立而奋起抗争的伦理觉醒过程。在这一过程中,孙中山的“三民主义”在乡村的宣传和推广呼唤起农民的主体意识,民族主义给农民注入了现代理性的国家观念和民族认同感;民权主义让作为国家主体力量的农民开始有了当家作主的欲望和民主权利意识;民生主义点燃了农民追求真正自由的生活理想。觉醒的农民成为新民主主义革命取得胜利的基础力量,觉醒的乡村也成为孕育中华民族走向现代社会的自然场所和精神场域。In the course of the last century,the Chinese nation experienced an ethical awakening process,from blindly obeying oppression and unconsciously resisting aggression to consciously fighting for national survival and independence.In this process,Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People called for the peasants' subjective consciousness when it was propagated and promoted in the countryside.The principles of nationalism brought the modern rational concept of the state and the consciousness of national identity to the peasants.The principles of democracy made the peasants begin to have the desire to be the masters of the country and to have the awareness of democratic rights.The principle of people's livelihood ignited the life ideals for the peasants to pursue true freedom.The awakened peasants became the basic force for winning the victory of the new-democratic revolution,and the awakened countryside correspondingly became the natural and spiritual field for the Chinese nation to move toward modern society.

关 键 词：伦理 主体觉醒 三民主义 乡村 

分 类 号：D693.0[政治法律—政治学] B82-092[政治法律—中外政治制度] K25[哲学宗教—伦理学]