发现与发明对自然科学的推进作用  

The role of discovery and invention in advancing natural science

作　　者：张英泽[1,2,3,4,5] Zhang Yingze(Trauma Emergency Center,The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Hebei Institute of Orthopaedics,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Chinese Academy of Engineering,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心,石家庄050051 [2]河北省骨科研究所,石家庄050051 [3]河北省骨科生物力学重点实验室,石家庄050051 [4]国家卫生健康委骨科智能器材实验室,石家庄050051 [5]中国工程院,北京100088

出　　处：《中华骨科杂志》2021年第3期133-136,共4页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics

摘　　要：不断的发现和发明是自然科学发展的必经之路,但是关于科学发现和技术发明谁更重要这一问题一直存在争议。本文站在自然科学的角度,从发现和发明的定义和相互关系、诺贝尔奖的发现和发明观、发现到发明再到理论的循环过程以及发现权与发明权归属等四个方面,比较科学发现和技术发明对自然科学的推进作用。该文着重统计了1901年至2019年的334项自然科学领域诺贝尔奖的内容特点,发现大多诺贝尔奖颁发给了自然发现,尤其是90.9%的诺贝尔生理或医学奖颁发给了相关科学发现。希望广大自然科学工作者们,要注重原始发现这个"源头活水",要有质疑精神,要敢于发现,更要有追根溯源的魄力和耐心,只要这样才能发现被遮盖的"事物本源"。Continual discoveries and inventions are the only way for the development of natural science.However,there has been controversy about either of which is more important than the other one.From the perspective of natural science,the present article compares the promoting effects of scientific discoveries versus technical inventions on natural science from four aspects:the definition and relationship of discoveries and inventions,the scientific discoveries and technical inventions view of Nobel Prize,the process from discoveries to inventions in theory,and the ownership of discovery right and invention right.This study focuses on the characteristics of subjects on 334 Nobel Prizes in the field of natural science from 1901 to 2019.Further,most awards are given for the scientific discoveries in Physiology or Medicine field,which account for 90.9%.This outcome indicates that scientific discovery as the source of science is more favored by the natural science community,which is in line with the general goal of the"Thirteenth Five-Year Plan"of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.We hope that the majority of natural science researchers,during the process of promoting the development of natural science in China,should not only pay attention to the original discoveries of the"source of water",but also discover some things with spirit of questioning.The researchers should have the courage to break the inherent thinking and have the courage and patience to to discover the fundamental theory.

关 键 词：诺贝尔奖 自然科学领域 循环过程 质疑精神 发明权 诺贝尔生理或医学奖 追根溯源 

分 类 号：N19[自然科学总论]