公共概念“气”:语义链“转喻+隐喻”双重修辞与中国古代哲学思维——以自然、人、文之“气”为例郑敏惠  

On Semantic Chain Metonymy+Metaphorical Rhetoric and Ancient Chinese Philosophical Thinking:A Case Study of the Qi of Nature,the Qi of Human,and the Qi of Text

作　　者：郑敏惠 ZHENG Min-hui(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《湖南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期84-91,共8页Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(20YJA751032);福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目“古代文学审美范畴‘气’‘神’语义系统比较”(FJ2018JDZ007)。

摘　　要："气"孳乳新义或新词的方式:内部引申产生新义;联合同义语素孳生新词旧义;前加修饰语素衍生新词新义。除"上位-下位""整体-部分""个体-集群"三组常规转喻外,"气"词语语义之间还存在"微观-宏观""物质-精神""静态-动态"三组对立转喻,这是矛盾一体观思维方式的反映。自然之气孕育人之气,故以自然之"气"转喻人之"气";人之气孕育文之气,故以人之"气"转喻文之"气"。同时,以认知自然的图式认知人,故以自然之"气"隐喻人之"气";以认知人的图式认知文,故以人之"气"隐喻文之"气"。如此人之"气"语义链和文之"气"语义链都是"转喻+隐喻"双重认知叠加的结果,其转喻和隐喻认知都是"自然·人·文"一体观思维方式的反映,是原始一元本原论(尤其气本原论)在语义层面的留存。Three generative types of semantics and phrases are found based on the common concept of Qi: new semantics generated from its internal extending,new phrases generated from the coalition of synonymous elements,and new phrases and semantics generated from the proposed modifier morphemes. In some phrases of Qi,three forms of metonym in effect are generated from the binary semantic opposition,i.e. micro/macro semantic opposition,material/spiritual semantic opposition,and motionless/motional semantic opposition. These forms of metonym reflect the traditional Chinese cognitive style which implies Chinese integration of contradicting views. The Qi of nature conceives the Qi of human,thus the Qi of nature could be used as the metonym of the Qi of human;the Qi of human conceives the Qi of text,thus the Qi of human could be used as the metonym of the Qi of text. Meanwhile,the cognitive schema of nature is used as the cognitive schema of human,thus the Qi of nature could be used as the metaphor of the Qi of human;the cognitive schema of human is used as the cognitive schema of the Qi of text,thus the Qi of human could be used as the metaphor of the Qi of text. Therefore,the both semantic chains of the Qi of human and the Qi of text could be seen as the consequence of the dual cognitive style of metonym and metaphor,which reflects the philosophical conception of the integration of"nature-human-text",and also the semantic marks derived from the primitive monistic ontology( especially the monistic ontology of Qi).

关 键 词：“气” 语义 转喻 隐喻 气本原论 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]