四种化合物诱导马铃薯抗晚疫病的效果及其相关防御基因表达分析  

Resistant effects of potato against late blight and expression analysis of potato-related defense genes induced by four kinds of compounds

作　　者：李磊 陆杰 包亚洲[2] 李勇 吕文河[1] 王晓丹[2] LI Lei;LU Jie;BAO Yazhou;LI Yong;LÜWenhe;WANG Xiaodan(College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150000,Heilongjiang Province,China;College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang Province,China;Anshun University,Anshun 561000,Guizhou Province,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150000 [2]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100193 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院,哈尔滨150086 [4]安顺学院,贵州安顺561000

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2020年第6期1277-1286,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B020219002);国家自然科学基金(31601600,32061130211)。

摘　　要：为探究水杨酸、壳聚糖、麦角甾醇和纤维二糖4种化合物诱导马铃薯抗晚疫病的效果及其作用机理,采用整株喷雾法、挑战接种法、菌丝生长速率法分析4种化合物对马铃薯晚疫病的预防作用及对其病原菌致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans的离体抑制效果,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定4种化合物诱导后马铃薯病程相关蛋白和防御酶基因的调控表达情况。结果显示,水杨酸、壳聚糖、纤维二糖和麦角甾醇分别处理马铃薯植株24 h后接种致病疫霉,在多个浓度下对晚疫病均有不同程度的诱导抗性,其中在1000μmol/L浓度(壳聚糖浓度为1000 mg/L)时诱导抗性最好,较对照显著提高,诱抗效果分别为54.73%、61.99%、59.73%和48.59%。壳聚糖对马铃薯晚疫病的诱抗效果高于其它3种化合物,且只有壳聚糖能显著抑制致病疫霉的菌丝生长和孢子囊形成,说明壳聚糖除了能诱导作物产生抗病性外,还具有直接抑菌作用。4种化合物诱导后马铃薯病程相关蛋白基因PR1、过氧化物酶基因POD和多酚氧化酶基因PPO的表达量在施用早期均显著升高。表明这些化合物能诱导马铃薯对晚疫病产生抗性,可能与马铃薯体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性和抗病信号传导途径关键基因PR1的表达有关。To determine the induction effect and functional mechanism of four compounds,salicylic acid,chitosan,ergosterol and cellobiose,in the resistance of potato against late blight,the preventive efficiency and in vitro inhibitory activity of four tested compounds on the pathogen Phytophthora infestans causing potato late blight were determined by using the whole-plant spraying assay,challenge inoculation and mycelial growth rate.qRT-PCR was used to measure the gene expression of disease-related and defensive enzymes in potato treated with the compounds.The results showed that,when potato plants were treated with four compounds at different concentrations individually for 24 h and then inoculated with P.infestans,the control efficiency was best for each compound at the concentration of 1000μmol/L(1000 mg/L for chitosan).The induced resistance efficiencies of the compounds,salicylic acid,chitosan,cellobiose and ergosterol were 54.73%,61.99%,59.73%and 48.59%,respectively,with significant differences compared to the water controls.Among the four compounds,chitosan had the best control effect on late blight.Only chitosan could significantly inhibit the mycelium growth and sporangium formation of P.infestans,indicating that chitosan could directly inhibit the pathogen besides induced resistance.Four compounds could significantly increase the gene expression levels of pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene(PR1),peroxidase gene(POD),and polyphenol oxidase gene(PPO)in the early stage after spraying the compounds.The results indicated that these compounds could induce potato resistance against P.infestans infection,which might be related with the enzyme activities of POD,PPO,and the expression of PR1 gene,a key gene in the disease-resistant signal transduction pathway.

关 键 词：马铃薯晚疫病 致病疫霉 诱导抗性 水杨酸 壳聚糖 纤维二糖 麦角甾醇 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]