蓬勃与多元:20世纪以来《罗摩衍那》在中国藏区的译介与接受  

Flourishing and Diversity:the Translation and Acceptance of Ramayana in the Tibetan Areas Since the 20th Century

作　　者：张帅[1] 马睿 ZHANG Shuai;MA Rui

机构地区：[1]信息工程大学洛阳校区

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2021年第1期92-109,154,共19页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“涉藏对外传播战略视野下中美印关系问题与对策研究”(项目编号:18CGJ017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：印度史诗《罗摩衍那》自吐蕃时期传入中国藏区后,在悠久绵长的千年历史中扎根藏地,逐步成为藏族人民耳熟能详的外国经典故事。中国藏区的罗摩故事形态受到印度和藏区本土的历史语境、文化氛围、宗教传播及译介主体等多种现实因素的限制与影响。长期以来,由于《罗摩衍那》的印度教文本属性与藏区的藏传佛教信仰,藏族学者的文学接受过程中出现了大量过滤与变异现象。20世纪初,《罗摩衍那》的藏译与接受现象迎来了具有重要意义的历史性变迁。藏族学者筚路蓝缕,抛弃了狭隘的宗教派别偏见,力求探索真知,开创了《罗摩衍那》在藏区译介与接受史的系统化、全面化和多元化局面,呈现出全新的文学景观。以根敦群培为代表的藏族学者开始跳脱佛教神学观念藩篱,以人文史观与实证考察的学术方法开启对《罗摩衍那》的评判与研究。这与当时藏族学者学术价值观念的剧变紧密相连。此外,罗摩故事与藏戏表演艺术的密切结合使其根植于民间口头叙事传统,纷繁多样的藏戏流派因地制宜,基于地方性知识与各自独特的表演模式进行阐释,衍生出丰富各异的罗摩故事样态,进一步强化了藏族群众对这一古老外来题材的文化认知。可见,印度罗摩故事已深入当代藏族本土语境,成为藏族民众喜闻乐见、津津乐道的经典故事。Since the Indian epic Ramayana was introduced to the Tibetan areas of China during the Tubo Period,it has taken root for thousands of years and gradually becomes a familiar foreign classic story among the Tibetan people.At the beginning of the 20th century,the Tibetan translation and reception of Ramayana ushered in a historical change of symbolic significance.Tibetan scholars endeavored to open up a new literary landscape with a systematic,comprehensive and diversified history of the translation and reception of Ramayana in the Tibetan areas,after overcoming the prejudice of narrow religious sects.Tibetan scholars represented by Gedun Chophel began to break away from the barriers of Buddhist theology and study Ramayana with humanistic and historical view.This is closely related to the upheaval of Tibetan scholars’academic values.The combination of Rama story and Tibetan opera makes it rooted in the folk oral narrative tradition.Different Tibetan opera schools adapt themselves to local conditions,interpret Rama story based on local knowledge and unique performance modes,thus generating varied forms of Rama story and strengthening the Tibetan people’s cultural cognition of this ancient foreign epic.It can be seen that the Rama story of India has been deeply rooted in the contemporary Tibetan indigenous context and become a classic and popular story known by the Tibetan people.

关 键 词：《罗摩衍那》 中国藏区 译介 接受:印度文学 

分 类 号：I046[文学—文学理论] H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]