表达自由在数字时代的未来  

The Future of Free Expression in a Digital Age

作　　者： 敖海静(译) Jack M.Balkin;Ao Hai-jing(不详)

机构地区：[1]耶鲁大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2021年第1期135-145,共11页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：教育部重大攻关项目“大数据时代个人信息保护边界与策略研究”(项目批准号:17JZD031)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：21世纪的新兴数字技术改变了言论的技术环境和社会条件,因此也改变了言论自由理论的焦点,即从20世纪理论家关注的保护民主过程和民主审议转向了保护和促进民主文化这一更大的关切。在民主文化中,普通人可以集体地或个别地参与到使他们成为个体的文化意义的创造和阐释之中。民主文化分散了创新的来源,激发了一种参与式的民主观念。由于为民主的文化参与创造新的可能性的技术也威胁着寻求将知识商品化并控制其获取和传播的商业模式,因此数字技术同时带来的参与和财产化这两种效应也不断地相互冲突。在数字时代,言论自由的价值将融入知识和信息政策这一组更大的关切之中,保护言论自由的价值也将越来越不是一个宪法问题,而是成为一个技术和行政监管的问题,这在很大程度上超越了司法的能力。立法机关、行政机构和技术专家将是确保数字时代言论自由价值的关键角色。The emerging digital technologies in the 21st century alter the social conditions of speech and therefore should change the focus of free speech theory,from a 20th century theoretical concern with protecting democratic process and democratic deliberation,to a larger concern with protecting and promoting a democratic culture.A democratic culture is a culture in which ordinary people can participate,both collectively and individually,in the creation and elaboration of cultural meanings that constitute them as individuals.Democratic culture decentralizes the sources of innovation and invokes a participatory idea of democracy.The two effects,participation and propertization produced by the same set of digital technologies have and will repeatedly come into conflict with each other,as technologies that create new possibilities for democratic cultural participation threaten business models that seek to commodify knowledge and control its access and distribution.In digital age,free speech values will meld with a larger set of concerns that I call knowledge and information policy.Protecting free speech values in the digital age will be less a problem of constitutional law and more and more a problem of technology and administrative regulation that is largely beyond judicial competence.The key players in ensuring free speech values in the digital age will be legislatures,administrative agencies,and technologists.

关 键 词：数字技术 言论自由 民主文化 文化参与 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]