生长前期脂肪型与瘦肉型北京鸭生长性能、消化器官发育、血浆生化指标的比较研究  

Comparison of Growth Performance,Development of Digestive Organs and Plasma Biochemical Indexes in Growth Prophase of Fatty-type and Lean-type Pekin Duck

作　　者：杨婷铄 江勇 常国斌[1] 侯水生[2] 赵文明[1] YANG Tingshuo;JIANG Yong;CHANG Guobin;HOU Shuisheng;ZHAO Wenming(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第1期167-174,共8页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江苏省面上研发计划(现代农业)(BE2017381);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20190902);江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(19KJD230003);动物营养学国家重点实验室开放课题(2004DA125184F1908)。

摘　　要：【目的】经过长期选育,北京鸭已经形成脂肪型和瘦肉型2种北京鸭配套系。旨在比较生长前期脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭生长性能、消化器官发育和血浆生化指标差异,为北京鸭品系营养研究提供参考。【方法】采取单因子完全随机试验设计,选取1日龄体质量相近的健康雄性脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭各140只,分别随机分配到10个重复笼中,每个重复14只,饲喂相同商品日粮,饲养条件相同。试验期3周(1~21日龄)。试验结束时,按平均体质量在每个重复笼挑选2只北京鸭。采集血液离心取血浆,测定血浆生化指标。解剖取肝脏、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠,去掉肌胃和肠道内容物,称量质量并测量各肠段长度。【结果】1)脂肪型北京鸭体质量和日增重显著高于瘦肉型北京鸭(P<0.05);2)脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭肝脏、肌胃、回肠相对质量、以及十二指肠、空肠、回肠相对长度和相对密度差异不显著,但脂肪型北京鸭空肠相对质量和相对密度显著高于瘦肉型北京鸭(P<0.05);3)脂肪型北京鸭血浆中的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著高于瘦肉型北京鸭(P<0.05),但脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭血浆中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及甘油三酯(TG)和总胆红素(TBIL)含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。对比血浆生化指标发现,1~21日龄脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭在生长性能和脂质代谢方面存在明显差异,且脂肪型北京鸭的生长性能优于瘦肉型北京鸭,脂肪型北京鸭脂质代谢比瘦肉型北京鸭旺盛。【结论】生长前期(1~21日龄)脂肪型北京鸭生长性能优于瘦肉型北京鸭,且血浆代谢物浓度以及小肠中的空肠部位发育程度存在差异,表明脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭在营养物质吸收和脂质代谢方面存在明显差异。[Objective]After a long period of breeding,Pekin duck has formed two specialized strains:fat⁃ty-type Pekin duck and lean-type Pekin duck.The purpose of this experiment was to compare the differences in growth performance,development of digestive organs and biochemical indexes of plasma between lean-type duck and fatty-type duck in the early stage of growth,so as to provide a basis for the subsequent research on the nutrition of different strains of Pekin ducks.[Method]The experiment adopted a completely randomized trial design with single-factor arrangement.A total of 140 healthy male fatty-type and lean-type Pekin ducks of simi⁃lar body mass at 1 day of age were selected and randomly assigned to 10 repeating cages.There were 14 ducks in each repeated cage and fed with same commercial diet under the same feeding conditions.The trial period was 3 weeks(1-21 days).At the end of the experiment,2 Pekin ducks were selected from each repeating cage according to average body mass.Blood was collected in Heparin sodium anticoagulant vacuum blood vessel.The plasma obtained after centrifugation was used for the determination of plasma biochemical indicators.Biochemi⁃cal indexes of plasma were measured with automatic biochemical analyzer.The liver,muscle stomach,duode⁃num,jejunum and ileum were excised and anatomised.The muscular stomach and intestinal contents were re⁃moved,and each intestinal segment was weighed and measured.[Result]The results showed that:1)The body mass and daily weight gain of the fatty-type Pekin duck were significantly higher than that of the lean-type Pe⁃kin duck(P<0.05).2)The relative weight of liver,muscle stomach and ileum,as well as relative density and the relative length of duodenum,jejunum and ileum of Pekin duck of fatty-type and lean-type were not significant⁃ly different,but the relative weight and relative density of jejunum of Pekin duck of fatty-type was significantly higher than that of Pekin duck of lean-type(P<0.05).3)The plasma total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),total chole

关 键 词：北京鸭 脂肪型 瘦肉型 生长性能 消化器官 生化指标 

分 类 号：S834.81[农业科学—畜牧学]