流动人口享受工资溢价了吗?——对户籍来源地“反向歧视之谜”的再检验  

Do Migrants Enjoy Wage Premium?--Re-examining the Puzzle of Reverse Discrimination

作　　者：刘金东 秦子洋 孔培嘉 LIU Jindong;QIN Ziyang;KONG Peijia(Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China;Shandong University, Jinan, China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学财政税务学院,250014 [2]山东大学经济学院,250100

出　　处：《经济学动态》2020年第12期92-105,共14页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“家庭债务,需求不足与经济增长——基于家庭流动性约束机制探讨”(71803118);教育部人文社科青年基金“体制内就业偏好的形成、影响及干预研究”(19YJC790081)资助。

摘　　要：近年来劳动力市场出现了外地人收入显著高于本地人的现象,这与传统的户籍地歧视观点恰好相反,被研究者称为“反向歧视之谜”。该谜题在中国是否真实存在,以及劳动力市场为什么会出现外地人工资溢价的现象,都亟待得到有效检验。本文利用2012年和2013年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,将人口流动划分为非向上流动和向上流动两种类型,在控制外地人和本地人特征变量一致的情况下,基于处理效应模型,两种流动类型均不存在显著的“反向歧视”问题,考虑内生性和使用国家卫健委流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据嵌套等的稳健性检验也支持了本文观点。进一步利用Oaxaca-Blinder分解和Theil嵌套分解等的结果表明,外地人工资溢价假象不仅仅是自选择效应所致,其中还有被选择的因素,特别是针对外地人的所有制歧视迫使生产力偏高的外地人进入非国有单位与生产力较低的本地人竞争,造成了这一被动性结果。本文结论不仅没有支持外地人在工资收入上被优待的观点,反而证明了外地人仍然受歧视的客观事实。There has been a special phenomenon in the labor market that the income level of migrants is significantly higher than that of local workers.Contrary to the traditional view of discrimination based on household registration,it is characterized as a“reverse discrimination mystery”by researchers.Whether the puzzle really exists in China and why there is a wage premium in the labor market need to be examined with great care.Based on the CGSS data for the reference years of 2012 and 2013,this paper divides population flow into two types,upward flow and non-upward flow.Keeping the locals'and non-locals'characteristics at the same level under the treatment effect model(TEM),the results show that there is no significant“reverse discrimination”for these two types of flow.The robustness tests of tackling the problem of endogeneity and using the combined data with CMDS also support this conclusion.Furthermore,the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and Theil nested decomposition results show the wage-premium illusion is not only caused by the self-selection,but also by the effects of being selected.To be specific,the ownership discrimination forces the migrants with high productivity to enter the non-state-owned units to compete with the locals with low productivity,resulting in this passive result.The conclusion of this paper suggests that the migrants are still discriminated against rather than preferred.

关 键 词：流动人口 工资溢价 户籍来源地 反向歧视 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]