小麦不同进化材料叶与非叶器官C4光合酶活性及δ^(13)C值差异  

Difference of C4 Photosynthetic Enzyme Activity and δ^(13)C Value between Leaf and Non-Leaf Organs of Different Wheat Evolutionary Materials

作　　者：魏爱丽[1,2] 杨茂 黄琴[1] 张英华[1] 王志敏[1] WEI Aili;YANG Mao;HUANG Qin;ZHANG Yinghua;WANG Zhimin(Agronomy College of China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Taiyuan Nornal University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [2]山西太原师范学院生物系,山西太原030031

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2021年第2期183-190,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300401)。

摘　　要：为明确小麦进化过程中C_(4)代谢酶活性的变化趋势,以二倍体小麦种(野生一粒小麦、栽培一粒小麦、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、粗山羊草)、四倍体小麦种(野生二粒小麦、栽培二粒小麦、阿拉拉特、提莫菲维小麦)及六倍体小麦种(斯卑尔脱小麦、普通小麦)为试验材料,对不同染色体倍数小麦种不同绿色器官光合碳同化酶(PEPC、RuBPC、NADP-MDH、NADP-ME、NAD-ME)活性及稳定碳同位素(δ^(13)C)值进行了比较分析。结果表明,在同一种内,非叶器官(叶鞘、穗下节间、芒、护颖、外颖)RuBPC活性显著低于旗叶,除六倍体小麦品种外,其余小麦材料的PEPC及其他C_(4)途径酶活性均高于叶片。在小麦进化过程中,随着染色体倍数的增加,旗叶片的C_(3)和C_(4)同化酶活性均上升,且PEPC/RuBPC活性比值显著增加;非叶器官的RuBPC活性增加,但PEP羧化酶及其他C_(4)途径酶活性下降,PEPC/RuBPC活性比值显著降低。旗叶和穗器官的δ^(13)C值均在C3途径范围内,穗器官的δ^(13)C值高于叶片;随染色体倍数的增加,旗叶δ^(13)C值增高,而穗器官的δ^(13)C值下降。综合来看,小麦非叶器官具有较强的C_(4)光合酶活性,在进化过程中,其C4酶活性趋向减弱,而旗叶的C_(4)酶活性则趋向增加。In order to understand the change trend of C_(4) photosynthetic enzyme activity in wheat evolution,diploid wheat species,tetraploid wheat species and hexaploid wheat species were used as experimental materials.The activities of photosynthetic carbon assimilative enzymes(PEPC,RuBPC,NADP-MDH,NADP-ME,NAD-ME)and stable carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)in different green organs of different wheat species were compared.The results showed that the activity of RuBPC in non-leaf organs(sheath,peduncle,awn,glume and lemma)within the same species was significantly lower than that in flag leaves.Except for hexaploid wheat varieties,the activities of PEPC and other C_(4) pathway enzymes in other wheat materials were significantly higher than those in leaves.With the increase of chromosome ploidy in the process of wheat evolution,the C_(3) and C_(4) enzyme activities and the ratio of PEPC/RuBPC of flag leaf increased.The activities of RuBPC of non-leaf organs increased,but the activities of PEPC and other C_(4) enzymes as well as the ratio of PEPC/RuBPC decreased obviously.The results of stable carbon isotope analysis showed that δ^(13)C value of flag leaf and ear organs belong to C_(3) pathway,but the δ^(13)C value of non-leaf organs was higher than that of flag leaf.With the increase of chromosome ploidy,the δ^(13)C value of flag leaf enhanced,but that of non-leaf organs decreased.The results showed that the non-leaf organs of wheat had strong C_(4) photosynthetic enzyme activity.In the process of evolution,the C_(4) enzyme activity of non-leaf organs tended to decrease,while the C_(4) enzyme activity in flag leaf tended to increase.

关 键 词：小麦 非叶器官 进化 PEP羧化酶 稳定碳同位素(δ^(13)C) 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330[农业科学—作物遗传育种]