弗雷格关于普遍性的思想及其逻辑学意义  

Frege’s thought of logical universality and its significance on logic

作　　者：霍书全[1] 李伟凤 HUO Shuquan;LI Weifeng(Philosophy Department,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学哲学系,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2021年第2期15-21,共7页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向自然语言理解的逻辑构建和符号接地问题的哲学、心理学研究”(18ZDA032)。

摘　　要：弗雷格用实质蕴涵来刻画条件句导致了“实质蕴涵怪论”,因此实质蕴涵不断受到批判。然而,根据弗雷格关于逻辑普遍性的思想,我们可以清楚地了解弗雷格对实质蕴涵的看法以及他为什么使用实质蕴涵。弗雷格把条件关系区分为能表达普遍性的情况和仅仅表达真值关系的情况,表达普遍性的条件句其从句不是完整的思想,其指称不是真值,而是其间接指称。仅仅表达真值关联系的条件句其从句则是完整的句子,其指称是真值。他指出表达事物因果联系的条件句要用带全称量词的一阶谓词逻辑公式x(P(x)→ψ(x))表达,而只表示真假关系的条件句直接用实质蕴涵式来表达。弗雷格的思想远远超出了他建立的逻辑,他关于逻辑普遍性的思想对于条件句逻辑的产生及后来逻辑学的发展有着直接或间接的影响,对于我们全面而准确地理解和把握现代逻辑有着重要的意义。Gottlob Frege constructed the classical logical system by the material implication which has shortcomings in expressing inference,so the material implication have been criticizing.Nevertheless,Frege has profound logical philosophy thoughts and his thoughts of logical universality provided the answer to understand material implication.He divided conditional relations into two parts:one can express causality,the other can not.Clauses of conditionals that can express causality aren’t integrated ideas and their denotations aren’t truth,but clauses of conditionals that can’t express causality are integrated ideas and their denotations are truth.Frege suggested that the conditionals that cannot express causality can be expressed by material implication clauses and the conditionals that can express causality need to be expressed by formula x(P(x)→ψ(x)).Frege’s thoughts on logical universality is profound and have important influence on conditional logic and the development of logic and the understanding and grasping of the modern logic comprehensively.

关 键 词：弗雷格 经典逻辑 实质蕴涵 因果联系 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]