南瓜籽油中角鲨烯含量及特征指标比较  

Comparative analysis of squalene and the characteristic indexes in pumpkin seed oils

作　　者：杨学芳[1] 张继光 吴万富 吕世懂[2,3,4] YANG Xuefang;ZHANG Jiguang;WU Wanfu;LYU Shidong(Scientific and technological achievements incubation center,Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650500,China;Kunming Grain and Oil and Feed Product Quality Inspection Center,Kunming 650118,China;Yunnan Province Grain and Oil Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Station,Kunming 650118,China;Yunnan Kunming National Grain Quality Testing Station,Kunming 650118,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学科技成果孵化中心,云南昆明650500 [2]昆明市粮油饲料产品质量检验中心,云南昆明650118 [3]云南省粮油产品质量监督检验站,云南昆明650118 [4]云南昆明国家粮食质量监测站,云南昆明650118

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2021年第5期217-223,共7页Food and Fermentation Industries

摘　　要：采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱和化学滴定法等手段,对我国不同产地的10个南瓜籽油的特征指标(碘值、皂化值、相对密度、折光指数、脂肪酸组成)和角鲨烯含量进行了分析,并和其他特种木本油脂中的角鲨烯含量进行比较。结果表明:南瓜籽油相对密度范围为0.9188~0.9215;折光指数为1.4560~1.4669;碘值为108.4~116.2 g/100 g;皂化值为188.9~192.4 mg/g;共检出14种脂肪酸成分,其中以亚油酸和油酸为主,亚油酸含量在44.7%~55.5%,油酸含量在23.8%~33.1%,10个南瓜籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于78.2%;南瓜籽油中角鲨烯含量较高(310~4446 mg/kg),与橄榄油相当,明显高于茶叶籽油、澳洲坚果油、核桃油、牛油果油等。综合考虑油脂色泽、角鲨烯含量和主成分分析结果,猜测角鲨烯含量差异较大的原因可能和油脂的制取工艺有关,部分南瓜籽油在深加工过程中损失了角鲨烯。南瓜籽油具有较高的营养价值,该研究对进一步挖掘南瓜籽开发应用前景,提高其综合利用价值提供了数据支撑。The content of squalene and characteristics indexes(iodine value,saponification value,relative density,refractive index,fatty acid composition)of 10 pumpkin seed oils which from different regions in China were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and chemical titration method,etc.And the contents of squalene were compared with other special woody oils.The results showed that the relative density of pumpkin seed oils ranged between 0.9188 and 0.9215,and the refractive index was 1.4560-1.4669.Moreover,iodine value was 108.4-116.2 g/100 g and saponification value was 188.9-192.4 mg/g.A total of 14 fatty acid components were detected,mainly including linoleic acid and oleic acid in which linoleic acid content were 44.7%-55.5%,oleic acid content was 23.8%-33.1%,the unsaturated fatty acid content in 10 pumpkin seed oils were higher than 78.2%.Furthermore,squalene content in pumpkin seed oils was significantly higher than Camellia seed oils,macadamia oils,walnut oils and avocado oils which reached 310-4446 mg/kg.After comprehensive consideration oil color,squalene contents and principal component analysis(PCA),it was speculated that the great difference of squalene content could be related to the preparation process of oil,squalene was lost in some pumpkin seed oils during deep processing.In conclusion,pumpkin seed oil has high nutritional value,which can provide certain data support for the deep processing and development of pumpkin seed,and improve the comprehensive utilization value of pumpkin seed.

关 键 词：南瓜籽油 特征指标 角鲨烯 主成分分析 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]