基于自适应控制器的电动汽车电机驱动速度控制研究  

Research on motor driving speed control of electric vehicle based on adaptive controller

作　　者：王婧婧[1] 陈清[2] WANG Jingjing;CHEN Qing(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jilin Railway Technology College,Jilin 132200,Jilin,China;Department of Automotive Engineering,Sichuan Vocational and Technical College of Communications,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林铁道职业技术学院机械工程学院,吉林吉林132200 [2]四川交通职业技术学院汽车工程系,四川成都611130

出　　处：《中国工程机械学报》2021年第1期83-88,94,共7页Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划资助项目(20100306)。

摘　　要：针对电动汽车速度控制需要安装传感器,以及精度低和成本高的问题,本文提出了一种基于模型参考自适应控制的异步电机驱动电动汽车无速度传感器控制技术,并引入了一种基于黄金分割算法的能量优化技术。基于电阻模型作为参考模型,该自适应控制不受定子电阻变化的影响,完全消除了速度估计过程中对任何流量估计的要求。黄金分割能量优化算法可根据负载变化自动生成定子电流最优值,保证磁通损耗最小。通过一阶特征值灵敏度分析,利用特征值轨迹图对各种电机参数的灵敏度和稳定性进行了研究。在Matlab/Simulink环境下,用R-MRAC验证了所提出的驱动器在不同速度、不同转矩和再生制动下的性能,进一步通过试验验证了仿真的正确性。结果表明:采用本文所提出的控制器,可实现无速度传感器下电动汽车转速的精确控制,且能够降低系统的功率损耗,提高工作效率。Aiming at the problems of low precision and high cost of installing sensors in speed control of electric vehicles,this paper presents a speed sensor less control technology for induction motor driven electric vehicles based on model reference adaptive control,and introduces an energy optimization technology based on golden section algorithm.Based on the resistance model as the reference model,the adaptive control is not affected by the change of stator resistance,which completely eliminates the requirement of any flow estimation in the speed estimation process.The golden section energy optimization algorithm can automatically generate the optimum stator current according to the load change to ensure the minimum flux loss.Through the first order eigenvalue sensitivity analysis,the sensitivity and stability of various motor parameters are studied by using eigenvalue trajectory diagram.Under the environment of Matlab/Simulink,the performances of the proposed driver under different speeds,different torques and regenerative braking are verified by RMRAC.The correctness of the simulation is further verified by experiments.The results show that the proposed controller can realize the accurate control of the speed of electric vehicle without speed sensor,and can reduce the power loss of the system and improve the work efficiency.

关 键 词：电动汽车 感应电机 R-MRAC 黄金分割 无传感器 稳定性 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]