大学生工程技术素养的性别差异研究——以上海市9所高校为例  

A Study on the Gender Differences in Engineering and Technical Literacy of College Students:A Case Study of 9 Universities in Shanghai

作　　者：孙艳丽[1] SUN Yanli(Institute of Higher Education,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学高等教育研究所,上海200237

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2021年第1期60-66,共7页Fudan Education Forum

摘　　要：通过对上海9所高校大学生工程技术素养的问卷调查,采用描述性统计与回归模型分析发现:大学生工程技术素养存在性别刻板印象,男生的工程技术素养显著高于女生。但在具体维度上男女生各有优劣,男生在工程知识、工程实践维度得分显著高于女生,女生在工程伦理维度得分显著高于男生,在工程技术维度,男女生没有显著差异。影响学生工程素养的因素方面,兴趣与职业期望对男女生的工程技术实践、技能均具有显著影响;学科类别、家庭所在地、学校类别对学生的工程技术知识、技能、实践均有不同程度的显著影响。建议从社会层面构建男女平等的文化氛围,加强女大学生工程技术兴趣培养,开设工程技术类通识课程,强化有德性工程师的培养,营造良好的制度环境等方面着手,提升不同性别学生的工程技术素养。Through a questionnaire survey on the engineering and technical literacy of students from 9 universities in Shanghai,using descriptive statistics and regression model analysis,this study found that:there were gender stereotypes in engineering and technical literacy of college students,and male students'engineering and technical literacy was significantly higher than that of female students.However,male and female students had their own advantages and disadvantages in specific dimensions.Male students scored significantly higher than female students in engineering knowledge and engineering practice,whereas female students scored significantly higher than male students in engineering ethics dimensions.There was no significant difference between male and female students in engineering technology.In terms of factors that affect students'engineering and technical literacy,interest and career expectations had a significant impact on the engineering practice and skills of both male and female students.Subject category,home location,and school category had significant effects on students'engineering knowledge,skills,and practice to varying effect sizes.It is recommended to build a cultural atmosphere of equality between men and women from the social level,strengthen the cultivation of female college students'interest in engineering technology,establish general education courses in engineering technology,strengthen the moral and ethical training of engineers,and create a benign institutional environment and other aspects to improve the engineering and technical literacy of students of different genders.

关 键 词：大学生 工程技术素养 科学素养 技术素养 性别差异 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] TB-4[文化科学—教育学]