班级同伴视角下课外补习效果的外溢性研究——基于CEPS数据的实证分析  

Research on Spillover Effects of Private Tutoring from the Perspective of Classmates:Empirical Study Based on CEPS

作　　者：杨莉 YANG Li(Graduate School of Education,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2020年第6期60-76,共17页China Economics of Education Review

摘　　要：教育公平一直是我国党和政府高度关注的问题。近年来,课外补习参与机会在不同背景家庭间的不均衡分布,并由此导致的教育公平问题日渐成为社会各界关注的焦点。众多学者围绕课外补习对参与者本人学业成绩的影响进行了深入研究,但鲜有学者关注班级同伴的补习行为对个人成绩的影响,以及这种影响与教育公平的关系。鉴于此,文章基于中国教育追踪调查两期数据,采用工具变量法、学校固定效应等方法克服了内生性及遗漏变量问题后,对课外补习的外溢效应及其异质性进行了分析。研究发现:在全样本上,课外补习效果具有显著的正向外溢性,同班同学参与课外补习的比例越高,个人学业成绩越好。进一步分样本回归发现,同班同学参加补习的正向外溢效应只局限于非农业户口、独生子女以及父辈接受过高中教育的学生;相反,其对农业户口、非独生子女以及父辈没有接受过高中教育的学生产生了显著的负向外溢作用,这种外溢作用的异质性在一定程度上加剧了不同背景学生的成绩差距。为促进教育公平,政府在增加优质高等教育资源供给的同时,学校与教师有必要为弱势学生提供免费学业辅导,重点高校在招生录取时应该适当加大对弱势家庭子女的倾斜力度。Education equity has always been a high concern of our party and government.In recent years,the opportunities for private tutoring are unevenly distributed among families with different backgrounds,and the resulting educational equity has increasingly become the focus of attention from all sectors of society.Many scholars have made in-depth research on the influence of private tutoring on participants’academic performance,but few scholars have paid attention to the influence of private tutoring behavior of class peers on individual performance and the relationship between this influence and educational equity.In view of this,based on data of two periods of China Education Panel Survey,after overcoming the endogenous and omitted variable problems by using instrumental variable method and school fixed effect,this paper studies the spillover effects of private tutoring and its heterogeneity.The results show that the effect of private tutoring has significant positive spillover on the whole,and the higher the proportion of classmates participating in private tutoring,the better their academic performances.Further analysis finds that the positive spillover effects of classmates participating in private tutoring is limited to non-agricultural Hukou,only child and students whose parents have received high school education;On the contrary,it has a significant negative spillover effects on agricultural Hukou,non-only children and students whose parents have not received high school education.The heterogeneity of spillover effects aggravates the academic achievements gap of students from different backgrounds to a certain extent.In order to promote education equity,while the government increases the supply of high-quality higher education resources,it is necessary for schools and teachers to provide free academic guidance for disadvantaged students,and key universities should appropriately strengthen preferential policies to children from disadvantaged families when enrolling students.

关 键 词：课外补习 学业成绩 外溢性 初中生 工具变量法 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]