城乡内部阶层分化与高等教育机会获得——兼谈高校扩招政策的影响  

Urban and Rural Internal Stratification and Access to Higher Education:With an Examination on the Influence of the Higher Education Enrollment Expansion Policy

作　　者：刘堃 郭菲[1] Liu Kun;Guo Fei(Institution of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2020年第23期22-29,58,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“双一流建设背景下我国高校评价体系改革研究”(17JZD056)的部分成果。

摘　　要：本文基于CGSS2015相关数据,研究了城市内部与农村内部各社会阶层在高等教育机会获得上的差异,以及高校扩招政策的影响。研究发现:城市中各社会阶层获得的高等教育机会在总体上大于农村,但城市底层小于农村上层;城市与农村内部各社会阶层在高等教育机会获得上内部分化明显且农村更为严重;高校扩招增加了城市与农村高等教育获得的总体机会,农村获得机会的增幅大于城市,对于农村的中层更为显著,但扩招并未改变高等教育机会在城市内部与农村内部各社会阶层之间的分配格局。基于此,提出了统筹城乡教育一体化发展、为城市底层家庭提供倾斜性支持、强化农村地区专项招生计划精准性等政策建议。Based on the Chinese General Social Survey(2015)Data,this paper examines the differences in access to higher education between various strata in urban and rural areas with logistic models.It also examines the impact of the college enrollment expansion policy.The major findings include:people from city households in general enjoy more higher education opportunities than those in rural areas,but those from the bottom social class in the city have fewer opportunities than those from the upper class in the rural area.There are obvious internal stratification in both urban and rural societies with regards to the access to higher education,and it is more severe in the rural area.Enrollment expansion of colleges and universities has increased the overall access to higher education in urban and rural areas.Households from rural areas benefit more from the expansion than those in cities,and it is more significant for the rural middle class.However,the expansion of enrollment does not change the distribution pattern of higher education opportunities across social strata within the city and the rural area.Based on the findings,this paper puts forward policy recommendations including promoting the integrated development of urban and rural education,providing preferential support for families at the bottom class in urban areas,and increasing the accuracy of targeting in the implementation of special higher education enrollment plans in rural areas.

关 键 词：高等教育机会 城乡差异 阶层差异 高校扩招 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]