论卡尔·波兰尼对资本主义社会的道德批判  

On Karl Polanyi’s Moral Criticism on Capitalist Society

作　　者：龚天平[1] 殷全正 Gong Tianping;Yin Quanzheng(School of Philosophy,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学哲学院,武汉430073

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期32-41,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国企业经济伦理实现机制研究”(项目编号:12BZX079)。

摘　　要：在卡尔·波兰尼看来,资本主义社会既是一个"社会分化"的社会,也是一个"伦理碎化"的社会;资产阶级道德自由观由于资本主义社会支配商品交换关系的规律也在支配人类生活,导致人类特别是劳动者道德自由的丧失,从而陷入了对"自由和责任的理解"超越了"资产阶级世界自身边界"的伦理困境;对这一伦理困境的突破方案在于以人性社会即社会主义社会取代资本主义社会,社会主义是即将到来的稳定时代的统治性的意识形态,也是个体自由能够获得制度性保障又能达成公平的成熟社会。波兰尼对资本主义社会的道德批判是深刻的、新颖的,其中蕴含着许多有价值的洞见。但由于他不懂得历史唯物主义,不懂得资本主义社会的不道德、资产阶级道德自由观陷入伦理困境,都是由于资本主义生产方式造成的,这也导致他提出的人性社会的新社会方案陷入抽象人性论的窠臼,而他主张把社会主义与基督教相关联以取代资本主义社会的观点也是不科学的。In Karl Polanyi’s view, capitalist society is both a society of "social differentiation", and a society of "ethical fragmentation". As the law that governs the commodity exchange relations in capitalist society also dominates human life, the bourgeois view of moral freedom leads to the loss of moral freedom on the part of human beings, especially the laborers,thus being caught in the ethical dilemma that "the understanding of freedom and responsibility" transcends "the bourgeois world’s own boundaries". The breakthrough plan for this ethical dilemma lies in the replacement of the capitalist society by the humane society, that is, the socialist society. Socialism is the dominant ideology of the coming era of stability, and it is also a mature society in which individual freedom can obtain institutional guarantees and achieve fairness. Polanyi’s moral criticism of capitalist society is profound and novel, which contains many valuable insights. However, he did not understand historical materialism, nor did he understand that the immorality of capitalist society and the ethical dilemma of the bourgeois view on moral freedom are both caused by the capitalist mode of production. This also led the new social program of humane society that he had proposed to the set pattern of the view on abstract human nature. His argument that socialism should be associated with Christianity so as to take the place of capitalist society is also unscientific.

关 键 词：卡尔·波兰尼 资本主义社会 不道德 资产阶级道德自由观 人性社会 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]