《广成颂》与东汉礼制及赋体文学的变迁  

Guangcheng Song,Eastern Han Rites,and the Evolution of Fu-style Literature

作　　者：蒋晓光[1] Jiang Xiaoguang

机构地区：[1]华侨大学文学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《文史哲》2021年第2期101-111,167,共12页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“辞赋艺术文献整理与研究”(17ZDA249);国家社科基金青年项目“汉代礼制与赋体文学关系研究”(15CZW032)的阶段性的成果。

摘　　要：马融作《广成颂》以献,是希望东汉朝廷能够借助恢复荒废已久的蒐狩之礼来加强战备,以应对羌人的猛烈进攻。由于马融曾经有过被羌人围困的遭遇及其出身将门的身份,于是将自己的忧愤与武略融入其中,使作品附着上雄张横厉之气,一改东汉殿苑题材仁厚含蓄之风。正因为马融直指时弊,纵情使才,且蕴含东西地域之争,由此得罪御敌无力的实际统治者邓后及其家族,同时也触及东汉以文教立国的国策,此为马融献颂得罪的现实原因。然而更深层次的原因却在于东汉宗庙之礼衰落而上陵之礼兴起的社会背景,以庶人之礼行于皇室,试图与世家大族共治天下,反而造成君权衰而家族势大的局面。马融提倡武功而首以"宗庙"为辞,铺写"宗庙之事",实则暗刺以邓氏为代表的家族势力凌驾于皇族之上的僭越与非礼,希望尊君以强国。然而礼制的变迁不仅使马融深为邓氏所忌,也标志着汉赋京殿苑猎题材的写作逐渐失去了存在的土壤。When Ma Rong wrote Guangcheng Songand presented it to the emperor,his intention was to reinstate the ancient ritual of hunting.Ostensibly it was an imperial hunting ritual,but in effect it was an opportunity for the emperor to review his troops,issue new orders to high-ranking generals and officials,announce policy,and strengthen the relationship between the court and the military.Unfortunately,his work was critical of the ruling class and he ended up offending the family of the empress.Because much Han dynasty fu literature also happened to be about imperial hunting expeditions,and he had offended the rulers with an essay about hunting rites,this event permanently damaged the development of fuliterature.

关 键 词：广成颂 武功 礼制 尊君 汉赋 

分 类 号：K892.9[历史地理—民俗学] I207.22[历史地理—历史学] K234.2[文学—中国文学]