中国文学批评体系的生成——《文心雕龙》与早期文献中的文学观  

The Making of a Critical System:Concepts of Literature in Wenxindiaolong and Earlier Texts

作　　者： 李卫华(译)[2] CAI Zongqi;LI Weihua(Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures,University of Illinois,61820,Urbana-Champaign,U.S;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Hebei Normal University,050024,Shijiazhuang,China)

机构地区：[1]伊利诺伊大学东亚语言文化系,厄巴纳-香槟市61820 [2]河北师范大学文学院,石家庄050024

出　　处：《北方工业大学学报》2021年第1期15-25,71,共12页Journal of North China University of Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《文心雕龙》范畴的符号学研究”(18BZW001)。

摘　　要：对刘勰批评体系建构的探讨,是《文心雕龙》研究中最富有成效的学术领域之一。然而,从中国传统文学批评的内在连贯性或系统性出发,探讨这一系统性著作的研究却明显匮乏。用这种大视野来集中审视《文心雕龙》的文学观念,会有如下发现:从远古到汉代,中国文学批评形成了三种主要的文学观:以《尚书》为代表的宗教文学观,以《左传》和《国语》为代表的人文文学观,和以《毛诗序》为代表的教化文学观。刘勰继承了前人把文学理解为一个和谐过程的基本模式,重新认识了文学的性质、起源、思想和语言的形成及其功能,从而形成了自己的综合文学观。这四种文学观之间的联系揭示了一个复杂的批评体系。这驳斥了人们普遍认为的中国传统批评没有一个连贯体系的错误观点。The discussion of Liu Xie s building of a critical system is one of the most fruitful areas of scholarship in the studies of Wenxindiaolong.However,there is a conspicuous dearth of studies that approach this systematic work with a view to understanding the inner coherence or systematics of traditional Chinese literary criticism.By examining the concept of literature in Wenxindiaolong with this broad view,we can discover that from ancient times to the Han Dynasty,Chinese literary criticism has formed three major concepts of literature:the religious concept of literature in The Book of Documents,the humanistic concept of literature in The Zuo Commentary and Speeches of the States,and the didactic concept of literature in the Great Preface.Liu Xie inherited the basic model of the predecessors understanding of literature as a harmonious process,and reconceptualized all the majou aspects of literature:its nature,its origin,its formation in the mind and language,and its function,thus forming his own comprehensive concept of literature.The relationship between these four concepts of literature reveals a complex critical system.This refutes the common misconception that there is no coherent system in traditional Chinese criticism.

关 键 词：《文心雕龙》 宗教文学观 人文文学观 教化文学观 综合文学观 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]