“存王者之后”以“通三统”——公羊家建构王权合法性的一个特殊视角  

“Retaining the Descendants of the Kings in the Previous Dynasties to Establish a New San-Tong System”:A Special Perspective of Gongyang Scholars’Constructing Legitimacy of the King’s Regime

作　　者：余治平[1] YU Zhiping(Academy of Dong Zhongshu International Confucianism,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学董仲舒国际儒学研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2021年第2期28-37,共10页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《董仲舒传世文献考辨与历代注疏研究》(19ZDA027);上海交通大学‚董仲舒学者支持计划‛(HS-SJTU2020A01);河北省教育厅人文社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(ZD202125)。

摘　　要：《春秋公羊传》《礼记》较早总结出上古中国政治文明‚存二王之后‛的传统。礼遇前朝的遗老遗少,赐与其相对独立的生存空间,保留先王之子孙后裔、政教礼制法度、历书体系,以体现时王也是受命之王,尊重先圣,分享国土,‚不敢专‛,不为一家一姓所私占。其效果则能够把新兴政权纳入历史谱系,展示自身道统与前朝的连续性和统一性,进而向天下人证明自身政权的合法性和正当性。董仲舒传世文献《三代改制质文》篇厘清夏、商、周‚三正‛脉络,而以孔子著《春秋》当新王,因而‚上黜夏,下存周‛,自成一统。班固撰写《汉书》《白虎通》显然接受了董仲舒的观念影响并进一步开辟更为广阔的意义空间,甚至还演绎出道德哲学的蕴含。The tradition of“retaining the descendants of the kings in previous two dynasties is the ancient Chinese political civilization,which is early summarized in Gongyang’s Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals and The Book of Rites.It suggests that respecting the old and the young of the previous dynasties,giving them a relatively independent living space,retaining the descendants of the kings in the previous dynasties,the political and religious ritual system and the writing system of the Chinese character to reflect that the king of the present dynasty who is also an authorized king respects the previous kings,does not dare to possess the land by himself and enjoy it privately within his own family but shares it with the previous kings.Such tradition can bring the emerging regime into the historical pedigree and show the continuity and unity of the orthodoxy of both its own dynasty and that of the previous dynasty so as to prove to the people of the world the legitimacy and reasonableness of their own regime.Dong Zhongshu clarifies the idea of“san-zheng”(the different calendars of Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasties)in his own famous article of“The Outer Form and the Inner Substance in the System Restructuring of the Three Dynasties”,and establishes a system that takes The Spring and Autumn Annals by Confucius as the new king,“removes the king of the Xia Dynasty and retains the king of the Zhou Dynasty”.In writing The Book of Han and Minutes of Baihu Guan Convocation,Ban Gu obviously accepts Dong Zhongshu’s ideas and further opens up a broader space of meaning,and even deduces the implication of moral philosophy.

关 键 词：董仲舒 春秋公羊学 存二王之后 通三统 王权合法性 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]