幼儿园“小学化”治理:发展历程、现实问题与对策建议  

The Development History,Practical Problems and Countermeasures of Governing the Primary School-oriented Kindergarten Education

作　　者：王妤 唐海康 张鹏程[3] WANG Yu;TANG Haikang;ZHANG Pengcheng(Xiangyang Bridge Kindergarten,Longquanyi,Chengdu;Chengdu University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610100;North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong,Sichuan,637007,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市龙泉驿区向阳桥幼儿园,四川成都610100 [2]成都大学,四川成都610106 [3]川北医学院,四川南充637000

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2021年第3期115-128,共14页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：四川省社会科学“十三五”规划2019年度项目“五位一体协同振兴乡村教育机制研究”(编号:SC19B006);四川省教师教育研究中心2020年度项目“《中国教育现代化2035》视域下四川农村基础教育教师信息素养胜任力研究”(编号:TER2020-029)。

摘　　要：幼儿园教育“小学化”治理工作是我国学前教育的一项重要工作,经历了态度摇摆、认知重视、规范纠正和全面治理阶段,目前正处于深化加强阶段。为了解“小学化”治理工作的成效与现状,通过对四川省成都市、攀枝花市、凉山彝族自治州等多地的城市、县镇、乡村幼儿园教师的调查发现:“小学化”治理工作取得一定成效,“小学化”现状有所改善。但仍存在如下问题:部分教师对“小学化”治理工作态度消极,思考不全面;教师教学内容存在“小学化”倾向;部分幼儿园游戏活动较少,存在“小学化”管理行为;大班额现象突出,乡村区域环境创设仍待加强;频繁布置家庭作业现象依然存在,评估幼儿方式仍待健全。而造成这些问题的原因可能是城镇乡差异大,治理难度大;部分家长支持小学化,治理工作推进难;优质教育资源的缺失;对教育评价的错误认知以及幼儿园本身课程体系建设不完善等。基于上述问题,应当重视城镇乡差距,有针对性地开展治理工作;保障教育环境质量,控制幼儿园班额;完善教育评价,科学评估幼儿能力;完善幼儿园课程体系建设,推进教学内容转向。Governing the primary school-oriented kindergarten education is an important work of preschool education in China,which has gone through the stages of attitude swing,understanding and attention,normative correction and comprehensive governance,and is now in the stage of deepening and strengthening.In order to understand the effectiveness and current situation of this work,we investigated kindergarten teachers in cities,towns and villages in Chengdu,Panzhihua and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province,and found that this work has brought positive changes to teachers,and the current situation of governing the primary school-oriented kindergarten education has been improved.However,there are still the following problems:some teachers have a negative attitude towards this work and do not think about it comprehensively;teachers'teaching contents tend to be primary school-oriented;some kindergartens have less game activities,and there are pimary school-oriented management behaviors the phenomenon of large class is prominent,and the creation of rural regional environment needs to be strengthened;the phenomenon of frequent homework assignment still exists,and the way of evaluating children still needs to be improved.The causes of these problems may be:the difficulty of governance results from the big difference between cities,towns and villages;the difficulty to promote work because of some parents'support of primary school-oriented education;lack of quality educational resources;the wrong cognition of education evaluation and the imperfect construction of kindergarten curriculum system and so on.Based on the above problems,we should pay attention to the gap between urban and rural areas and cany out targeted governance work;guarantee the quality of educational environment and control the kindergarten class size;improve educational evaluation and scientifically evaluate children's ability;improve the construction of kindergarten curriculum system and promote the transformation of teaching contents.

关 键 词：幼儿园教育 小学化 城镇乡差异 治理工作 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]