中国英语能力等级量表中句法量表的构建——基于句法区别性特征的方法  

Constructing the Syntactic Competence Scale of China’s Standards of English Language Ability:A Criterial Feature Based Approach

作　　者：胥云[1] 武尊民[2] 柳丽萍 XU Yun;WU Zunmin;LIU Liping(Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学,北京100081 [2]北京师范大学,北京100875 [3]外语教学与研究出版社,北京100089

出　　处：《中国考试》2021年第4期68-77,共10页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2015年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国英语能力等级量表建设研究课题”(15JZD049)。

摘　　要：中国英语句法能力等级量表研制组在建立描述语库的过程中发现,已采集到的句法描述语存在数量不足、可解释性差及对特定水平学习者应掌握的句法特征界定不清等问题。研制组从以往二语习得研究中提取句法区别性特征,基于我国英语学习者语料库观察这些区别性特征在真实语言使用样本中的分布情况,并对比分析不同水平群体的句法错误变化规律,在撰写句法描述语时注重突出不同水平学习者应掌握的最典型、最重要的句法特征,反映不同阶段学习者的句法知识掌握及运用情况。基于大规模问卷调查对描述语进行分级验证后发现,使用这种方法构建的句法量表数据分析结果良好,量表建设时专家基于区别性特征对描述语的定级与问卷调查定级结果高度吻合。This study reports the development and validation of the Syntactic Competence Scale in China’s Standards of English Language Ability(CSE).In the process of the scale construction,the researcher found that descriptors with specific syntactic features describing learners’syntactic competence were rare and lacking in interpretability.Considering the needs for more syntactic feature based descriptors,it was decided to construct the Syntactic Competence Scale in a criterial feature based approach.The researcher extracted syntactic criterial features at each proficiency level from the relevant literature such as the studies of the acquisition sequence of morphemes,studies of developmental stages and corpus-based identification of syntactic criterial features in the English Profile studies.As empirical evidence,indicators of syntactic complexity and accuracy were investigated based on Chinese learners’corpus to identify syntactic complexity features for specific proficiency levels and errors that significantly changed across levels.As a result,a total of 63 descriptors were developed and they were sorted into 9 proficiency levels based on expert judgments.The scaling and validation of syntactic descriptors were conducted through large-scale questionnaire surveys.And the research questions include:1)To what extent does the scaling of descriptors based on questionnaire results match the ranking of descriptors by the experts?2)Are there any descriptors exhibiting severe Differential Item Functioning(DIF)in terms of gender,region and nationality?A total of 23,512 usable teacher questionnaires and 103,860 learner questionnaires were collected across the whole country.A multifaceted Rasch model(Rasch-Andrich Rating Scale Model)was used to estimate the difficulty values of descriptors.In order to investigate whether questionnaire results were significantly influenced by factors like gender,region and nationality,SIBTEST(Simultaneous Item Bias Procedure)was used to detect and estimate DIF.The results indicated that very f

关 键 词：英语能力等级量表 句法量表 句法描述语 分级验证 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]