从香港的语言实况和语文政策探究南亚族裔学习中文的策略  

A study on the strategies for promoting the Chinese language in the South Asian community in Hong Kong:An analysis of the actual language situation and education policy for Chinese language in Hong Kong

作　　者：梁慧敏[1] Leung Wai-mun

机构地区：[1]香港理工大学中文及双语学中国语文教学中心

出　　处：《中国语言战略》2016年第1期53-65,共13页China Language Strategies

摘　　要：按2011年政府的统计,香港少数族裔人口总数达45万,其中来自南亚地区(包括印度、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔等)的居民人数超过六万,他们绝大部分为香港永久居民;然而,由于他们的母语并非中文,加上文化差异,南亚裔人士要融入主流社会相当困难,升学和就业也受到了很大的限制,使他们较多地停留在社会底层,难以向上流动,并造成种种地区性的社会问题,这种现象实不利于香港整体社会和谐。要帮助南亚裔居民摆脱语言和文化上的弱势,提倡社会团结,就必须加强中文在这一社群的推广。笔者认为,南亚裔社群中的中文教学应该根据教学对象的不同而分层推行,例如在职居民和在校学生的中文教学就应该有所区别。面向南亚裔在职人士的中文教学,应该以帮助他们了解香港职场文化和行业语言为目的,从而务实地协助他们适应具体的工作环境;而面向在校学生的中文教学,则需要更加全面且具针对性,“全面”是指应该有完整的中文语言知识和香港特色的中国文化教学,以帮助他们提高中文能力,并且通过加深文化认知,增加对“香港居民”这个身份的认同感;“针对性”是指应该按照社会的需求制订相应的教学计划,特别是高中课程,以帮助南亚裔学生更好地制定求学和求职规划。综上所述,本文将结合2009年和2014年香港社会语言调查工作各场合的资料对此加以详细说明,以期政府拨款的教学资源配备得更为合理,减少劳而少功的情况。According to the 2011 population census,a total of 451,183 people belonging to ethnic minorities were residing in Hong Kong in 2011.South Asian Hongkongers,whose origins include India,Pakistan,and Nepal,numbered over 60,000,the majority of whom are permanent citizens of Hong Kong.However,because they often lack Chinese language proficiency and experience cultural differences,they face many challenges in integrating into Hong Kong's mainstream community;language barriers can also hinder promotion to a higher level of education and employment opportunities,making upward social mobility an unreachable dream and leading to regional social issues.This paper argues that,in order to improve South Asian Hongkongers'situation,it is important to help them attain an appropriate competency in Chinese.Furthermore,curriculum and teaching materials should be diverse in accordance with students'real experiences in daily life and actual needs.For instance,if a course targets South Asian employees,the materials can be more career-oriented to include the local workplace culture and language use in various workplace contexts,so that learners may master useful and skilful expressions and better adapt to the specific work environment.For secondary school students,Chinese teaching should be comprehensive and target-oriented.On one hand,secondary school Chinese courses should combine language practice and cross-cultural interaction in the curriculum design,which will strengthen students'linguistic knowledge of Chinese and deepen their sense of identity as Hongkongers.On the other hand,teaching plans and objectives need to fulfil the requirements of the society,such as helping students realize the trends of the job market and set goals for their future.Given the above-mentioned aspects,in this paper the language surveys conducted in 2009 and 2014 will be analysed to provide some corresponding suggestions in the hopes that government-granted teaching resources will be allocated more reasonably and efficiently.

关 键 词：香港 南亚裔 中文推广 语言实况 语文政策 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]