教育行政权力下放:演进历程、基本特征与趋势展望——以教育行政审批权为中心  

On the Decentralization of Educational Administrative Power——Centering on Educational Administrative Examination and Approval Authority

作　　者：刘永林[1] LIU Yong-lin(School of Public Management and Media, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学公共管理与传媒学院,北京100192

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2021年第4期23-33,共11页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“法治视野下高校职称评审权力下放及其规范研究”(17JYC021)。

摘　　要：深化教育行政审批制度改革是完善国家教育行政体制的关键举措,也是简政放权、转变职能,加快推动教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的基本途径。60年来,以教育行政审批权为中心的行政权力下放,经历了起步探索、逐步推进、全面推进和深入推进四个阶段,总体呈现出中央向地方教育行政权力转移进程不断加快,地方政府管理教育事业权责不断强化的特点,反映出权力下放历程同步经济社会发展、下放节奏反映教育发展规律、下放方式凸显自上而下模式和下放事项主动回应社会诉求的重要逻辑。办好人民满意的教育亟需以推动教育行政审批制度改革为突破口,在教育行政权力下放过程中,顺应经济社会发展趋势、更加注重上下协同推进、更加突出改革问题导向、加强“放管服”一体化推进,进一步激发地方政府和社会参与办学的活力。In the new era,deepening the reform of the educational administrative examination and approval system is a key measure to optimize the national educational administrative system,and is a basic way to streamline administration and decentralization,to transform functions,and to speed up the modernization of the educational governance system and governance ability.In the past 60 years,centering on educational administrative examination and approval authority,the decentralization of administrative power has gone through four stages:starting exploration,gradually advancing,pushing forward in an all-round way and advancing in depth.Significantly,there are two trends of that progress.The transfer process of educational administrative power from central government to local government is ceaselessly speeding up.Local governments gradually define their powers and responsibilities clearly for managing education.And the trends reflect the important logic that the process of decentralizing power is keeping pace with the social and economic development,the rhythm of decentralization is resonating with the law of educational development,the approach of decentralization is highlighting top-down mode,and the matters of decentralization is responding to social demands actively.In the new period,it is urgent to promote the reform of educational administrative examination and approval system,which is the breakthrough point to provide a satisfactory education for the people.On the decentralization process of educational administrative power,it is necessary to comply with economic and social development trends,to put more efforts into the collaborative promotion of all departments,and to strengthen the guidance of reform issues.Last but not least,it is vital to promote the integration of streamlining administration,delegating powers,strengthening regulation and improving services.In this way,it is available to further stimulate the vitality and motivation of local governments and society in education to participate in running schools.

关 键 词：行政审批权 教育行政权力 演进历程 基本特征 趋势展望 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]