论《逻辑哲学论》的简单性原则  

On the Principle of Simplicity and Its Problems in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

作　　者：张志平 ZHANG Zhiping

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2021年第2期67-81,197,198,共17页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：在写作《逻辑哲学论》时,维特根斯坦崇尚的是简单性原则。他不仅根据简单性原则表述其思想,形成独特的写作风格,而且还从简单性入手切入对世界本质的形而上学建构,认为世界归根结底是由所有简单对象的内容及形式所共同决定的事实的总和,通过极简的[p,ξ,N(ξ)]揭示命题、语言、描述和世界的共同本质,并通过语言批判和思想划界对哲学思考本身提出简单性要求。在某种意义上,简单性原则也是作为形而上学的哲学的根本原则,因为哲学从诞生起就带有还原论倾向,在多中寻求一,在时间性中寻找永恒性。这样的探寻是通过对纷繁复杂的现象世界加以透析、过滤、简化来达到使世界充满秩序并容易为我们所理解的目的。但简单性原则本身存在诸多困难。维特根斯坦在简单性原则上前后期思想的转变,实际上也是哲学从现代性向后现代性转变的一个缩影。只有认识到简单性与复杂性的辩证统一,保持两者之间合理的张力,才不会在现代性和后现代性之间偏执一端,哲学思考也才能更贴近事情的真相,为人的生活实践贡献更多智慧。when writing Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus,Wittgenstein advocates the principle of simplicity:according to it,he not only expresses his thoughts,forms his unique style of writing,but also constructs his metaphysics about the essence of the world,and thinks that the world is ultimately the sum of the fact prescribed jointly by all the contents and forms of simple objects.Through the minimalist,he reveals the common essences of proposition,language,and the world;through the critique of language and the demarcation for thought,he requests the simplicity of philosophical thinking.In a sense,the principle of simplicity is also the fundamental principle of philosophy as metaphysics.Since its birth,philosophy has the tendency of reductionism,seeking for one in many,for identity in difference,for eternity in time.Such exploration is to grasp the essence,structure and order of the world through the analysis,simplification and transcendence of the complex phenomenon world,and thus to realize its purpose of understanding the world.But the principle of simplicity itself is fraught with difficulties.The shift of Wittgenstein’s thoughts from the earlier stage to the later one in the principle of simplicity is actually an epitome of the transformation of philosophy from modernity to post-modernity.Only by recognizing the dialectical unity of simplicity and complexity,and maintaining a reasonable tension between them can we avoid going to extreme between modernity and post-modernity,and thus get closer to the truth of things in philosophical thinking,and contribute more wisdom to human life.

关 键 词：维特根斯坦 简单性原则 形而上学 张力 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]