河南省某两所中学初中生精神障碍检出状况调查  

Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Junior Middle School Students at Two Middle Schools,Henan

作　　者：甄龙[1] 徐改玲[1] 王长虹[2] 李刚[1] 徐广明[1] 孙凌[1] ZHEN Long;XU Gailing;SUN Ling(Tianjin Medical Health Center,Tianjin,300222,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]天津市精神卫生中心,天津300222 [2]新乡医学院第二附属医院,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2021年第2期180-183,共4页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：天津市安定医院院级课题(2012);河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(2018010015)。

摘　　要：目的了解在校青少年精神障碍及其亚型的现患状况。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,分别在河南省唐河县及舞阳县各选取一所中学,对两所中学的初一和初二年级的学生使用长处和困难筛查问卷(学生版)(SDQ)和自编增补问卷进行精神障碍筛查,随后依据DSM-5进行诊断鉴定。结果调查的1412名初中生中,共查出12名神经发育障碍,17名抑郁障碍,42名焦虑障碍,1名强迫及相关障碍,4名创伤及应激相关障碍,4名破坏性、冲动控制及品行障碍,共六大类精神障碍,检出率分别为0.85%、1.2%、2.97%、0.07%、0.28%、0.28%;女生高于男生(χ^(2)=7.242,P=0.007)。结论在校初中生精神障碍检出率整体偏低,重症患者较少,其中焦虑、抑郁障碍检出率最高,神经发育问题、创伤和应激问题显著,行为问题相对较少,女生患者多于男生。Objective To investigate the detection rates of mental disorders and their subtypes in junior middle school students according to the DSM-5.Methods The cluster random sampling method was used to select 1,412 students in the first and second grades of the two middle schools in Tanghe County and Wuyang County,Henan province,respectively.These students were interviewed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(student edition)and the self-compiled supplementary questionnaire to screen for mental disorders,then diagnosed according to DSM-5.Results Among 1412 students,there were 12 students with neurodevelopmental disorders,17 with depressive disorder,42 with anxiety disorder,1 with obsessive-compulsive and related disorder,4 with trauma and stress related disorders and 4 with destructive,impulse control and conduct disorder.The detection rates were 0.85%,1.2%,2.97%,0.07%,0.28%,and 0.28%,respectively.The disorder rate of girls was higher(χ^(2)=7.242,P=0.007).Conclusion The detection rates of mental disorders diagnosed according to DSM-5 in junior middle school students was low,thereinto,fewer severe cases.The depression and anxiety disorders were more common,and neurodevelopmental problems trauma and stress problems were obvious.But the existence state of the behavioral problems were relatively weak.There were more female patients than male patients.

关 键 词：初中生 精神障碍 检出率 DSM-5 

分 类 号：R749.4[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]