选拔方式、学校保留策略对城乡教师留任意愿的影响--基于我国中西部5省16787位中小学教师的问卷调查  

The Influence of Selection Methods and School Retention Strategies on the Retention Intention of Urban and Rural Teachers--Based on the Questionnaire Survey of 16787 Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Five Provinces of Central and Western China

作　　者：张莹[1] 陆莎[2] 李廷洲 ZHANG Ying;LU Sha;LI Tingzhou(National Institutes of Educational Policy Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Beijing Academic of Education Science,Beijing 100036,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国家教育宏观政策研究院,上海200062 [2]北京教育科学研究院,北京100036

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2021年第2期90-97,共8页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：北京教育科学规划重点课题(优先关注)“新形势下乡村教育整体改革研究”[AEGA17007];国家社会科学基金重点项目“国家教育体系适应人口结构变化的战略管理研究”[20AGL030]。

摘　　要：稳定的教师队伍是学校教育高质量发展的基石。研究采用中西部5省16787位在职教师的调查数据,通过二元logistic回归分析教师选拔方式、学校保留策略对中小学教师留任意愿的影响。研究发现:城乡教师的留任意愿存在显著差异;通过不同选拔方式进入教师队伍的教师留任意愿存在显著差异,且存在城乡异质性;学校保留策略对教师留任意愿均存在显著影响,且城乡样本无显著差异;学校综合办学水平越高,教师留任意愿越强;学历越高,职称越高,年龄越小的教师留任意愿越低。研究建议:城乡地区采取差异化的教师补充方式,县城及以上地区在公开招考教师之余,通过“定向培养”和“代课教师转正”方式扩大高质量教师供给,缓解县城学校大班额现象;乡镇和村屯要以公开招考为主,将招聘符合教师质量要求的代课教师作为重要的补充方式;学校要运用多样的保留策略,增加教师职业发展机会、决策参与程度和行政支持力度,减轻教师工作压力或稳步提高教师薪酬;学校管理者需重点关注新任职、高学历和高职称教师的发展,提高教师留任意愿。A stable teaching staff is the cornerstone of the high-quality development of school education.Based on the survey data of 16787 in-service teachers in five provinces of Central and Western China,this paper analyzes the influence of the teacher selection methods and school retention strategies on the retention intention of primary and secondary school teachers through binary logistic regression model.The results show that:There are significant differences between urban and rural teachers retention intention;There are significant differences in teachers retention intention through different selection methods,and there are differences between urban and rural areas;School retention strategy has a significant impact on teachers retention intention,and it is consistent between urban and rural areas;The individual characteristics of teachers and the comprehensive level of school have a significant impact on teachers retention intention.It is suggested that:Urban and rural areas should adopt different selection methods to supplement teachers;In addition to recruiting teachers in public,counties and above should expand the supply of high-quality teachers by means of“directional training”and“turning substitute teachers into regular teachers”,so as to alleviate the phenomenon of large class size in county schools;Schools should use a variety of retention strategies to increase teachers career development opportunities,decision-making participation and administrative support,and reduce teachers work pressure and steadily improve teachers salaries;School administrators should focus on the development of new teachers,highly educated teachers and teachers with high professional titles,so as to improve teachers retention intention.

关 键 词：中小学教师 教师留任意愿 选拔方式 保留策略 教师供给 

分 类 号：G451.1[文化科学—教育学]