自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工障碍的成因——来自不同理论的解释  

Causes of Facial Processing Disorder in People With Autism Spectrum Disorder:Explanations From Different Theories

作　　者：李伟康 林云强[1] LI Weikang;LIN Yunqiang(Hangzhou Kindergarten Teachers’College,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou 311231)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院,杭州311231

出　　处：《现代特殊教育》2021年第4期60-67,共8页Modern Special Education

基　　金：2020年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“自闭症谱系障碍儿童社交定向的眼动特征及其教育应用研究(20YJC880052)”;浙江师范大学大学生创新工作室“自闭症儿童的早期预警和发展评估”。

摘　　要：通过分析自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工障碍的相关理论,揭示该群体面孔加工障碍的形成原因。首先,自闭症谱系障碍者在面孔加工中对社会刺激感知异常,对面孔缺乏兴趣,忽视面孔;在特定条件下回避眼睛,依靠嘴部进行面孔识别。相关理论有:社交动机假说、眼睛威胁假说和嘴部信息补偿假说。其次,自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工能力不足,面孔加工相关脑区存在功能损伤、加工策略可能异常。相关理论有:加工策略异常假说、社会脑假说。最后,根据自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工障碍的形成原因,提出教学启示。This paper analyzes the main theories of face processing disorder in people with autistic spectrum disorder and reveals the causes of this group’s face processing disorder. Firstly,in facial processing,people with autism spectrum disorder have abnormal perception of social stimuli,lackinterest in faces,and ignore faces;they avoid eyes under certain conditions and relyon mouth for face recognition.The related theories include: social motivation hypothesis,eye threat hypothesis and mouth information compensation hypothesis.Secondly,the face processing ability of autistic people is insufficient,and there is functional impairment in the brain regions related to face processing,and the processing strategies may be abnormal. The related theories include:processing strategy abnormality hypothesis and social brain hypothesis. Finally,according to the causes of face processing disorderin people with autistic spectrum disorder,some teaching implications are proposed.

关 键 词：自闭症谱系障碍者 面孔加工障碍 理论假说 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]