劳动关系作为法律关系:兼论劳动法学研究的范式转换  

Labor Relationship as Legal Relationship: Study on Paradigm Transform of Science of Labor Law’s Methodology

作　　者：沈建峰[1] Jianfeng SHEN(China University of Labor Relaitons,Beijing 100048)

机构地区：[1]中国劳动关系学院,北京100048

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2021年第4期82-93,共12页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：国家社科基金专项重大课题(19VHJ017)。

摘　　要：劳动关系和劳动法律关系区分的理论更多是法外视角研究劳动关系问题的结果。法律调整社会关系或劳动关系并非是指存在先在的供法律调整的社会关系,而是指法律通过规范人的行为在当事人之间产生法律关系,该法律关系是社会关系的特殊形式;法律关系产生的过程不是寻找社会关系的过程,而是判断法律规范规定的构成要件是否具备的过程。法律调整劳动关系因此是指出现法律规范的构成要件时在当事人之间产生以一方提供依附性劳动、另一方支付报酬为主要义务的权利义务关系,也即法律意义上的劳动关系。从上述劳动关系的逻辑出发,则事实劳动关系概念需要正本清源,集体劳动关系非法律意义的劳动关系,劳动法律关系、社会劳动关系、个别劳动关系等概念无存在必要。劳动法学研究应实现从法外视角向法教义学研究并重的转换。我国劳动法的规则体系和理论体系应围绕劳动关系展开。Distinction between labor relationship and labor legal relationship is mainly due to research result from extra-legal perspective. The law can regulate social relationship or labor relationship is not because of the existence of prior social relationship for legal adjustment. But when the law regulates people’s behavior, comes legal relationship. This legal relationship is not a special form of social relationship. Generation procedure of legal relationship is not a discovery procedure of social relationship, but a procedure that determines whether the constitutive requirements stipulated by legal norms are fulfilled. When constitutive requirements stipulated by legal norms are fulfilled, one will provide dependent labor and the other will pay for that. This relationship is the legal labor relationship. If we start from above logic of legal relationship, then we should address the root of factual labor relationship. Collective labor relationship is not legal labor relationship. The existence of concepts including legal labor relationship, social labor relationship, individual labor relationship is not necessary. Study of science of labor law should transfer from extra-legal perspective to legal dogmatic methodology.

关 键 词：劳动关系 法律关系 社会关系 集体劳动关系 事实劳动关系 

分 类 号：D912.5[政治法律—民商法学]