芝麻渣中蛋白提取方法的比较研究  

A Comparative Study of Methods for Extracting Protein from Sesame Residue

作　　者：焦晓波 王高杨 李锦红 王晓艺 孟国庆[2] 崔建东 JIAO Xiao-bo;WANG Gao-yang;LI Jin-hong;WANG Xiao-yi;MENG Guo-qing;CUI Jian-dong(Tianjin University of Science and Technology,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety,Tianjin,300457;College of Agriculture and Bioengineering,Heze University,Heze 274015)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学省部共建食品营养与安全国家重点实验室,天津300457 [2]菏泽学院农业与生物工程学院,菏泽274015

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2021年第4期273-281,共9页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(20ZYJDJC00080)。

摘　　要：芝麻渣是芝麻榨油后的主要副产物,含有丰富的蛋白质。但是目前除了少部分被当成饲料或肥料使用外,大部分芝麻渣被作为废弃物丢弃,造成环境污染和蛋白资源的严重浪费。将芝麻渣中的蛋白质提取进行高值化利用,具有广阔的应用前景和重要的现实意义。以芝麻渣为材料,分别利用低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvent,DES)法和碱溶酸沉法从芝麻渣中提取芝麻蛋白,建立了一种由醋酸钠(CH_3COONa·3H_2O,SAT)和尿素形成的DES提取芝麻蛋白的方法。考察了提取温度、时间、固液比和提取次数等条件对蛋白提取率的影响,通过单因素实验得到SAT-尿素体系提取芝麻蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:在温度为75℃,提取时间180 min、固液比为1∶50、利用乙醇沉淀蛋白的条件下,提取两次,总蛋白提取率可达71.41%,所制备的芝麻蛋白纯度为89.43%。相比于碱溶酸沉法,DES法不仅提取的芝麻蛋白纯度高,而且DES可回收使用、无废液污染。这些结果表明DES法是一种新型绿色的植物蛋白提取方法。Sesame residue is the main by-product of sesame oil processing,and contains rich proteins.Currently in addition to a few of them are used as feed or fertilizer,most of them is discarded as waste,which causes environmental pollution and serious waste of resources.Therefore,it has a broad application prospect and important practical significance to extract protein from sesame residue for high value utilization.In this study,sesame protein was extracted from sesame residues by the method of deep eutectic solvent(DES)and alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation,respectively.A novel DES method of extracting sesame protein formed by sodium acetate(CH3COONa·3H2O,SAT)and urea was established.The effects of extraction temperature,time,solid-liquid ratio,and extraction times on the extraction rate of protein were investigated.The optimal extraction conditions of sesame protein by SAT-urea system were as follows:temperature 75℃,extraction time 180 min,solid-liquid ratio 1∶50,extracting twice under the conditions of using ethanol to precipitate proteins.Under the optimized conditions,the total protein extraction rate was 71.41%,and the purity of sesame protein was 89.43%.Compared with alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation,the sesame protein extracted by DES presented high purity;moreover,DES can be recycled and used without waste pollution.These results show that DES extraction method is a new green method of extracting plant protein.This study provides a new insight for the green extraction of plant protein.

关 键 词：低共熔溶剂 芝麻蛋白 绿色提取 芝麻渣 

分 类 号：TS229[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]