精气血津液的功能性质和生物学基础  

Functional propertiesand biological basis of essence,qi,blood and body fluid

作　　者：张启明[1] 王义国[1] 张健雄 韩学艳 田欣 ZHANG Qiming;WANG Yiguo;ZHANG Jianxiong;HAN Xueyan;TIAN Xin(Medical Experimental Center,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院医学实验中心,北京100700 [2]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院研究型病房 [3]山东中医药大学 [4]山东中医药大学图书馆

出　　处：《环球中医药》2021年第5期841-847,共7页Global Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1711700)

摘　　要：血是人体的重要组成部分,却没有独特的功能;精、气、血、津液是中医学表达人体组成和功能的重要概念,但其对应的客观实在是什么仍未可知。本文首先根据全国高等中医药院校规划教材《中医基础理论》总结了精、气、血、津液的来源、性状、分布、相关脏腑、功能和分类等传统认识,并据以将其归于功能性五藏;其次基于中医学与生物医学都是关于人体组成和功能的全面认识,以功能性五藏的15种功能为线索,将精、气、血、津液与人体的流变结构做了对比,将精分为生殖之精、水谷之精、成形之精、化气之精和调节之精,将气分为推动之气和温煦之气,将血分为载气之血、免疫之血和摄血之血,将津液分为承载津液和润滑津液,并明确了他们的功能性质和生物学基础。通过精、气、血、津液的生物学关系,说明了这种认识的合理性。Blood is an important part of the human body,but it has no unique functions.Essence,qi,blood and body fluid are important concepts to express the composition and function of human body in traditional Chinese medicine,but their corresponding objective reality is still unknown.In this paper,firstly,the sources,properties,distribution,related zang-fu viscera,functions and classification of the essence,qi,blood and body fluid were summarized according to the Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine,a planning textbook for Chinese colleges and universities,and they were classified into the five functional organs.Secondly,based on the comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of the human body in both traditional Chinese medicine and biomedical science,this paper compared the rheological structure of the essence,qi,blood and body fluid with the human body by taking the 15 functions of the functional five zang organs as clues.The essence is divided into the essence of reproduction,the essence of water and grain,the essence of forming,the essence of transforming qi and regulating.The qi is divided into the essence of promoting qi and warming qi.The blood is divided into the blood having the function of carrying qi,immune and propelling,respectively.The body fluid is divided into having the function of carrying and lubricating,respectively.And their functional properties and biological basis were also clarified.The rationality of this understanding is illustrated by the biological relationship between essence,qi,blood and body fluid.

关 键 词：精 气 血 津液 功能性五藏 生物学基础 中西医学对比 中医基础理论 生物医学 

分 类 号：R223[医药卫生—中医基础理论]