中国核电和其他电力技术环境影响综合评价  

Comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of China's nuclear and other power generation technologies

作　　者：王彦哲 周胜[1] 王宇[1] 秦旭映[1] 陈福冰[1] 欧训民[1] WANG Yanzhe;ZHOU Sheng;WANG Yu;QIN Xuying;CHEN Fubing;OU Xunmin(Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期377-384,共8页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71874096);秦山核电项目:核电与其他电力能源全生命周期环保贡献量化项目。

摘　　要：核电是清洁的低碳能源,是实现我国2060年“碳中和”目标的重要技术选择,其放射性排放也是公众关注的焦点。该文通过构建统一的评价边界,采用生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法,分环节定量测算了核电与其他发电技术的单位发电量二氧化碳排放;并基于文献调研,分析和估算了单位发电量的大气污染物(SO_(2)、NO_(x)和PM_(2.5))和放射性排放;最后对不同发电方式的二氧化碳、大气污染物和放射性排放的环境影响进行综合评价。研究表明,核电和可再生能源发电可以使单位发电量碳排放降低90%以上,并大幅度减少大气污染物排放,而核电对公众的放射性影响与煤电相当,或低于煤电。因此,应大力加强核电的公众可接受性的科普教育,制定持续稳定的核能中长期发展战略,推动电力系统清洁低碳转型。Nuclear power is a clean,low carbon technology that will help China achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.However,the radiological impacts are also the focus of public concern.This study used the life cycle assessment(LCA)method to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions per unit electricity generated by nuclear power and other power generation technologies.This study also estimated the air pollutants and radiological impacts based on a literature review with a comprehensive assessment of these environmental impacts.The results show that nuclear power and renewable energy generation can reduce CO_(2)emissions per unit of electricity by more than 90%and greatly reduce air pollution.In addition,nuclear power has similar or lower radioactive impact on the public than coal power.Therefore,the government should strengthen public understanding and acceptance of nuclear power,formulate a long-term nuclear energy development strategy,and promote the clean,low-carbon transformation of the electric power system.

关 键 词：核电 碳中和 生命周期评价(LCA) 低碳转型 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]