山岭隧道水压爆破降尘剂试验研究  

Experimental Study on Dust Suppressing Agent for Hydraulic Blasting in Mountain Tunnels

作　　者：来弘鹏[1] 周冬辉 宋竹兵 梁彦龙 LAI Hongpeng;ZHOU Donghui;SONG Zhubing;LIANG Yanlong(College of Highway,Chang'an University,Xi′an 710064;Xi′an Rail Transit Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi′an 710016;Zuoquan-Shexian Highway Co.,Ltd.of Shanxi Road and Bridge Group,Jinzhong 032600)

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,西安710064 [2]西安市轨道交通集团有限公司,西安710016 [3]山西路桥集团左涉公路有限公司,晋中032600

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2021年第2期188-194,共7页Modern Tunnelling Technology

摘　　要：水压爆破技术在隧道工程中的应用在一定程度上降低了爆破粉尘浓度,改善了施工作业环境。但是由于水的表面张力较大,对粉尘的润湿能力较差,实际降尘效果并不理想。为解决水压爆破降尘效果不佳的问题,针对隧道爆破粉尘特点,在水中加入一定量的表面活性剂和无机盐来降低爆破产生的粉尘。以表面张力和润湿高度为试验指标,运用对比试验的方法确定了最佳表面活性剂和无机盐增效剂及其浓度。结果表明:由表面活性剂和无机盐组成的降尘剂能够显著提高溶液对粉尘的润湿能力;由质量分数分别为0.20%,0.30%和0.10%的快速渗透剂T、CAB-35、硅酸钠组成的降尘剂具有良好的表面活性和润湿性。因此,该降尘剂能够有效地降低爆破粉尘浓度,从而改善施工作业环境。The application of hydraulic blasting technology in tunnel engineering has reduced the blasting dust con⁃centration to a certain extent and improved the working environment.However,due to high surface tension of water and its poor wetting ability to dust,the actual dust-suppressing effect is not ideal.In order to solve the problem of poor dust-suppressing effect of hydraulic blasting,a certain amount of surfactant and inorganic salt are added to the water,according to the characteristics of tunnel blasting dust,to reduce the dust generated by blasting.With experi⁃mental indicators of surface tension and wetting height,the best surfactant,inorganic salt synergist and their concen⁃trations are determined by comparative experiment.The results show that the dust suppressant composed of surfac⁃tants and inorganic salts could significantly improve the wetting ability of the solution to dust;the dust suppressant composed of rapid penetrant T,CAB-35 and sodium silicate(with mass fractions of 0.20%,0.30%and 0.10%,re⁃spectively)has good surface activity and wettability.Therefore,the dust suppressant could effectively reduce the concentration of blasting dust to improve the construction environment thereby.

关 键 词：隧道 水压爆破 粉尘 表面活性剂 无机盐 

分 类 号：U453.83[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U455.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]