新中国成立前国家语言能力建设历程考察分析——以通用语推广与汉字规范化为例  

Overview and Analysis on National Language Capacity Building before the Founding of People’s Republic of China:The Cases of Popularization of Lingua Franca and Standardization of Chinese Characters

作　　者：杨佳 Yang Jia(Beijing Foreign Studies University)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心/国家语言能力发展研究中心

出　　处：《中国语言战略》2020年第1期60-67,共8页China Language Strategies

基　　金：国家语委重大科研项目“‘国家语言能力’内涵及提升方略研究”(项目编号:ZDA135 7)的支持。

摘　　要：文章以通用语推广和汉字规范化为例,在考察其发展历程的基础上,对新中国成立前国家语言能力建设的时代特征和深远影响进行了分析与归纳。文章认为,在特定社会经济条件下,缺乏语言文字改革意识、覆盖范围狭窄、语言文字标准不够明确是各个时期国家语言能力建设所呈现的明显时代性特征。另一方面,以往开展的相关语言规划活动也有其有利的一面:不仅形成了以汉语言文化为主的"大传统",同时还为新中国国家语言能力建设提供了参考和借鉴;近现代社会开展的国家语言能力建设更是进一步提升了社会大众的语言文字改革意识,为新中国语言文字改革工作的顺利推进扫清了思想障碍。Taking the popularization of lingua franca and the standardization of Chinese characters as examples,this paper analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of the times and the far-reaching influence of the national language capacity development before the founding of the people’s Republic of China.The article holds that under the specific social and economic conditions,the lack of awareness of language reform,narrow coverage and unclear language standards have been the obvious characteristics of the times in the construction of national language capacity in various periods.On the other hand,the relevant language planning activities carried out in the past have had their own advantages:they not only form a"great tradition"dominated by Chinese language and culture,but also provide reference for the national language capacity building of new China;the construction of national language capacity carried out in modern society has further improved the language reform awareness of the public,thus clearing away the ideological obstacles for the progress of the language reform of People’s Republic of China.

关 键 词：国家语言能力 通用语推广 汉字规范化 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]