约束阻尼技术在高速列车车轮上的应用  

Applications of Constrained Damping Technology on High-speed Train Wheels

作　　者：毛昆朋 杨延峰 徐超 MAO Kunpeng;YANG Yanfeng;XU Chao(Metals&Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道机车车辆》2021年第2期106-109,共4页Railway Locomotive & Car

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划课题(2015J009-C);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金(2018YJ164)。

摘　　要：随着人们对噪声的关注程度越来越高,文中将约束阻尼技术应用于高速列车车轮,依据车轮运用的特点,利用动态热分析技术选取适合于高速列车车轮的阻尼层;为了尽可能降低簧下质量,选取1 mm的钢板作为约束层,首次自主设计了适用于某高速列车车轮的约束阻尼降噪板;通过频响测试验证了约束阻尼技术能显著改善车轮的振动传递特性;借助1∶1轮轨试验台施加线路载荷谱,分析车轮在不同速度级、小曲线半径条件下约束阻尼低噪声车轮的降噪性能。应用约束阻尼技术的低噪声车轮安全运行120万km,因轮径磨耗到限已报废,证明了约束阻尼层与车轮的等寿命设计。As people pay more and more attention to noise,this paper applies constrained damping technology on high-speed train wheels.According to the characteristics of wheel operation,the damping layer suitable for high-speed train wheel is selected by using dynamic mechanical analysis technology.In order to reduce the mass under the spring as much as possible,1 mm steel plate is selected as the constrained layer.According to the wheel structure of a high-speed train,a noise reduction plate with constrained damping is designed.It is verified by frequency response test that the constrained damping technology can significantly improve the vibration transmission characteristics of the wheel.By using the 1∶1 wheel-rail test rig with the actual line load spectrum,the noise reduction performance of the low-noise wheel with constrained damping under different speed grades and small curve radius is evaluated.The low-noise wheels with constrained damping which have operated safely for 1.2 million km are scrapped due to the diameter.The scrapped wheels prove the equivalent life design of the constrained damping layer and the wheel.

关 键 词：约束阻尼技术 高速列车 车轮 噪声 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程]