超越差别原则——凯·尼尔森对罗尔斯正义理论的批判  

Review of Kai Nielsen's Critique of Rawls'Justice Theory Based on Surpassing the Difference Principle

作　　者：李义天[1] 刘畅 LI Yi-tian;LIU Chang

机构地区：[1]清华大学高校德育研究中心,北京100084 [2]清华大学马克思主义学院,北京100084

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期49-56,I0002,共9页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义伦理思想史研究”(17ZDA022)。

摘　　要：罗尔斯的正义理论,特别是其中的差别原则,表现出当代自由主义对社会经济平等的深度关切和积极响应。然而,来自左翼思想阵营的尼尔森从一种更加彻底和激进的平等主义立场出发,以差别原则为切入点,对罗尔斯的观点展开了批判。尼尔森不仅剖析了罗尔斯差别原则的内在矛盾,更反驳了差别原则的外在前提,从而揭示出差别原则的意识形态化特征及非历史主义方法。尼尔森认为,差别原则的提出在根本上是与阶级社会的社会分裂状况相适应,是停留于人类历史特定阶段的观念产物,实质上只是一种为福利资本主义国家的阶级不平等作辩护的自由主义意识形态。而严格意义上的平等必将也必须超越差别原则,并最终在无阶级社会中实现。尼尔森对差别原则的批判,揭示出自由主义平等主义理论的局限性,进一步突显了马克思主义平等观念与自由主义平等立场之间的根本差异与分歧。Rawls'Theory of Justice(RTJ),especially the Difference Principle(DP),made deep concerns about the social and economic equality from a contemporary liberalist perspective.However,out of a more radical and even extreme egalitarianism,Kai Nielsen was not satisfied with Rawls'position and criticized his DP strongly.He analyzed the inner conflicts of DP,but also refuted its assumptions,as well as revealed its ideological and non-historical features.According to Nielsen,DP by its nature was coherent with the social division in a class society,and was a kind of idea or conception within a certain phase of human history,so it was in essence the liberal ideology which defended the class inequality in a welfare capitalist state.Nielsen believed that the equality in a strict sense would and must be beyond the DP,and be realized in a classless society.Nielsen's critique of the DP revealed the limits of liberal egalitarianism and showed the difference between Marxism and liberalism more accurately.

关 键 词：差别原则 阶级分化 无阶级社会 激进平等主义 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]