不同干燥方式猴头菇营养成分比较  

Comparation of Nutritional Components in Hericium erinaceus Prepared by Different Drying Method

作　　者：张楠[1,2] 张照锋 李斌 谢萍[1] 阳佳佳 张林 ZHANG Nan;ZHANG Zhaofeng;LI Bin;XIE Ping;YANG Jiajia;ZHANG Lin(College of Life Sciences,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang,Sichuan 641100;Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Sichuan Province,Neijiang,Sichuan 641100)

机构地区：[1]内江师范学院生命科学学院,四川内江641100 [2]四川省高等学校特色农业资源研究与利用重点实验室,四川内江641100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第8期92-98,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：四川省教育厅科技成果转化重大培育资助项目(17CZ0018);国家中药管理局全国中药资源普查资助项目(GZY-KJS-2018-004)。

摘　　要：以猴头菇菌株TJH-03为试材,采用日晒干燥、真空冷冻干燥、55℃热风干燥、65℃热风干燥和75℃热风干燥5种方式对新鲜猴头菇进行干制,并对干燥后猴头菇营养标签中标示成分、氨基酸、矿物质元素、脂肪酸组成、多糖、总酚和部分维生素等含量进行比较,以期选出猴头菇最佳的干燥方式。结果表明:5种不同干燥方式下猴头菇营养成分变化显著,65℃热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥可较好保留猴头菇各种营养成分。65℃热风干燥猴头菇营养标签中标示成分、氨基酸、矿物质元素含量最为合理均衡,冷冻干燥猴头菇多糖、总酚和部分维生素含量最高,与真空冷冻干燥相比,65℃热风干燥猴头菇多糖、总酚、抗坏血酸和硫胺素含量下降,但仍保持在80%左右,它们含量分别为(4.31±0.11)(405.78±6.27)(17.30±0.58)g·(100g)^(-1)和(0.76±0.02)g·(100g)^(-1),但真空冷冻干燥时间过长(42 h),是65℃热风干燥所用时间的2.63倍,过程能耗大,干燥成本高。综合考虑猴头菇的品质、干燥效率和成本,65℃热风干燥猴适宜在猴头菇干燥加工产业推广。Hericium erinaceus stains TJH-03 was used as experimental material, five drying processes were used on the Hericium erinaceus,fresh samples were dried by solar drying(SD),vacuum freeze drying(VFD) and hot-air drying(HAD) at three different temperatures(55,65,75 ℃) and the contents of elements on nutritional labeling, amino acids, mineral elements, polysaccharide, total phenol and vitamins were determined and compared, in order to chose the best processes.The results showed that all the five drying methods could significantly change nutritional components of H.erinaceus,and HAD at 65 ℃ and VFD provide better retention of various nutrients.The nutritional components(elements on nutritional labeling, amino acids and mineral elements) in 65 ℃HAD-dried sample were better than other four drying methods, with the highest content and the best proportion.The highest contents of polysaccharide, total phenol and vitamins were found in VFD-dried sample.Compared with VFD,the contents of polysaccharide, total phenol, vitamin C and vitamin B1 in 65 ℃HAD-dried sample decreased, but remained at about 80%.Their contents were(4.31±0.11)(405.78±6.27)(17.30±0.58)g·(100 g)^(-1) and(0.76±0.02)g·(100 g)^(-1),respectively.However, the time of VFD was 42 hours, which was 2.63 times of that of HAD at 65 ℃,and the process cost of VFD was expensive.Taking into consideration of product quality, drying efficiency and cost, HAD at 65 ℃ is the suitable dehydration way for industrialization of H.erinaceus dry processing.

关 键 词：猴头菇 干燥方式 营养成分比较 

分 类 号：S646.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]