论脑力劳动与体力劳动的统一--以黑格尔、索恩-雷特尔和马克思为线索  

On the Unity of Mental and Physical Labor:Around Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,Alfred Sohn-Rethel,and Karl Marx

作　　者：孔明安 谭勇 KONG Ming’an;TAN Yong

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,天津300350

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2021年第3期70-77,共8页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：天津市研究生科研创新项目(2020YJSB174)。

摘　　要：脑力劳动与体力劳动的统一是共产主义实现的条件之一,有必要对两者统一的可能性进行深入研究。黑格尔、索恩-雷特尔和马克思关于脑力劳动与体力劳动的统一有深入论述,且三者之间也有紧密联系。黑格尔通过深入论述主奴辩证法,认为奴隶虽然在主人脑力劳动支配下劳动,但他却能够通过绝对恐惧以及劳动陶冶事物达及对自身自为存在的真理的确认,因而黑格尔将两者的统一建立在抽象的自我意识上。索恩-雷特尔通过对马克思商品形式的分析,提出现实抽象,并进一步阐明了现实抽象向思维抽象过渡的方式,将自然知识等脑力劳动概念的起源定位到了人的劳动行为上。因而,现实抽象是脑力劳动与体力劳动统一的关键。马克思指出脑力劳动与体力劳动的分离是分工发展的结果,并认为在共产主义社会中随着分工的消灭,个人、社会、自然知识概念三个维度的脑力劳动和体力劳动的分离就会消除。与黑格尔、索恩-雷特尔相比,马克思的解决方法是微观与宏观相辩证统一、具体与普遍相辩证统一,同时是辩证唯物的,因而是可以实现的。The unity of mental and physical labor is one of the conditions for the realization of communism,so it is necessary to make a thorough study of the possibility of their unity.Hegel,Sohn-Rethel,and Marx had had a thorough discussion on the unity of mental and physical labor,and there is a close relationship between them.Through an in-depth discussion on the master-slave dialectic,Hegel believes that although a slave works under the control of his master’s mental labor,he can reach the confirmation of the truth of his own being-for-itself existence through absolute fear and labor’s cultivating things.Therefore,Hegel’s unity of the two is based on abstract self-consciousness.Through the analysis of Marx’s commodity form,Sohn-Rethel proposes the concept“real abstraction”,and further clarifies the way of the transition from real abstraction to thought abstraction,positioning the origin of the concepts of mental labor such as natural knowledge to human labor behaviors.Therefore,real abstraction is the key to the unity of mental and physical labor.Marx points out that the separation of mental and physical labor is the result of the development of the division of labor,and believes that with the elimination of the division of labor in the communist society,the separation of mental and physical labor in the three conceptional dimensions of individual,society,and natural knowledge would be eliminated.Compared with Hegel and Sohn-Rethel,Marx’s solution is a dialectical micro-macro unity and a dialectical particularuniversal unity,and is dialectically materialist,so it is achievable.

关 键 词：脑力劳动 体力劳动 自我意识 现实抽象 思维抽象 

分 类 号：B505[哲学宗教—外国哲学]