论唐代敦煌蒙书《上大夫》与后世《上大人》的关系  

A study of the relationship between Dunhuang primerShang Dafu of the Tang dynasty and later generation Shang Daren

作　　者：任占鹏 REN Zhanpeng(Headquarters for Education,Hiroshima University,Higashi hiroshimashi City,Hiroshima 7398511,Japan)

机构地区：[1]日本广岛大学教育本部,广岛东广岛市7398511

出　　处：《浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期42-52,共11页Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国童蒙文化史研究”(16ZDA121)。

摘　　要：唐初统治者对书法的重视,促进了士人热衷书法教育,也影响到了童蒙习字教育,于是出现了专门为童蒙习字教育编撰的习字蒙书——《上大夫》。其以孔子教化典故为主题,受到了唐代孔子庙的兴盛和孔子及其门人地位提升等文化导向的影响。敦煌诸本《上大夫》存在着内容差异,体现出地域文化对蒙书内容的影响。宋初,由于统治者对孔子的进一步推崇和礼的回归,官阶“上大夫”变成了可以指代圣人、君王的“上大人”,又加入突出儒家文化的“佳作仁,可知礼也”两句,以示对孔子的尊崇和礼法的弘扬。从《上大夫》到《上大人》,体现的是不同时代社会文化导向对蒙书编撰和发展的影响。The early rulers of the Tang dynasty paid great attention to calligraphy,which promoted scholars’enthusiasm for calligraphy education and also influenced the children’s calligraphy education.Thus,there appeared a book,Shang Dafu,which was specially compiled for children’s calligraphy education.It took allusions of the enlightenment of Confucius as its theme,which was influenced by such cultural orientations as the prosperity of Confucius Temple in the Tang dynasty and the promotion of Confucius and his disciples.The differences in different Dunhuang documents of Shang Dafu also reflected the influence of regional culture on the content of primers.In the early Song dynasty,due to the rulers’further admiration to Confucius and the return of ritual propriety,the official rank“Shang Dafu”(上大夫)changed into“Shang Daren”(上大人),which could refer to the saint or the emperor.Moreover,the sentence“study hard the idea of benevolence,you will understand what is ritual”(佳作仁,可知礼也),which highlighted the Confucian culture,was added to the book to show the respect for Confucius and the promotion of ritual propriety as well.The change of Shang Dafu to Shang Daren demonstrates the effect of social-cultural orientation in different times about compilation and development of primers.

关 键 词：敦煌写本 习字 《上大夫》 孔子 《上大人》 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学] K870.6[文化科学—教育学]