董仲舒对孟荀思想的统合  

Dong Zhongshu’s Integration of Mencius’and Xunzi's Thoughts

作　　者：李慧子 LI Huizi(College of Confucian Studies and Eastern Philosophy,Sungkyunkwan University,Seoul 03063,South Korea)

机构地区：[1]成均馆大学儒学与东洋哲学院,韩国首尔03063

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2021年第3期50-56,共7页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BZX051)。

摘　　要：董仲舒在统合孟荀思想的基础上建构了自身儒学体系。在天人思想上,他突破荀子天之不可畏的观点,通过天生万物、天人感应论来充实孟子“天之所与我者”的表述,重建天的威严,为人间伦理确立天道基础。在人心论上,他将孟子“四端”之心说与荀子“心好利”说相结合,提出“心有贪有仁”,强调心具有抑恶扬善之“栣”的功能。在养心层面,他发展孟子正心养气说,修正了荀子以诚养心说,提出了“以义养心”的新观点。在人性论上,董仲舒结合孟荀学说,提出性有善质而未善的观点。在伦理思想上,他将信与仁义礼智并列,将五常之道作为内外修为的必要美德。在政治思想上,他强调天子应法天而行,以德教为主、刑罚为辅,以此来修正荀子隆礼重法论,从而推进孟子仁政思想。Dong Zhongshu constructed his own Confucian system based on the integration of Mencius’and Xunzi's thoughts.In terms of the thought of heaven and humans,he broke through Xunzi’s view of the intrepidity of heaven,enriched Mencius’expression of“humanity endowed by heaven”with the theory of response between heaven and humans,and rebuilt the majesty of heaven to establish the foundation for human ethics.In terms of the theory of human heart,he combined Mencius’theory of“four feelings(compassion,shame,politeness and right)”with Xunzi’s theory of“greed”,and proposed that“There are bothgreed and benevolence in human heart”,emphasizing that the heart has the function of suppressing evil and promoting good.In terms of the nourishment of the heart,he developed Mencius’theory of being righteous and nourishing spirit,revised Xunzi’s theory of nourishing the heart with sincerity,and put forward a new view of“nourishing the heart with righteousness”.In terms of the theory of human nature,he combined Mencius’theory with Xunzi’s theory and put forward the view that human nature has good quality but it is not good by itself.In terms of ethical thought,he put integrity,benevolence,righteousness,courtesy and wisdom on an equal footing and regarded the five constant virtues as the necessary virtues for internal and external cultivation.In terms of political thought,he emphasized that the emperor should act in accordance with the law of heaven,and put moral education first and punishment second to revise Xunzi’s theory of respecting courtesy and emphasizing law,thus promoting Mencius’thought of benevolent governance.

关 键 词：董仲舒 孟子 荀子 天人论 人心论 人性论 伦理政治 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]