我国中小学教育惩戒的失范与规范——涂尔干社会学的视角  

The Anomie and Norm of Educational Punishment in Primary and Secondary Schools of China——Based on Durkheim's Sociological Ideas

作　　者：刘露 张爱琴[1] LIU Lu;ZHANG Aiqin(Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学教育学院,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《现代教育科学》2021年第3期23-28,共6页Modern Education Science

摘　　要：教育惩戒近年来备受关注,但由于我国教师惩戒立法的缺失等原因,造成教师惩戒的“失范”。而在最近发布的文件中,明确了教师行使惩戒权的必要性和合法性,并对教育惩戒权进行了“规范”。惩罚也是社会学理论中的重要问题,涂尔干的惩罚观提出了两个层面的解释。首先,他将惩罚视为一种道德过程;其次,他将惩罚看成一种“社会需要”。文章结合其思想,从内源性因素以及外源性因素两方面对教育惩戒的“失范”进行归因,并提出惩戒权对师生双方的“规范”意义所在。At present,the education community is paying more attention on educational punishment.However,due to the lack of legislation,the anomie of teachers'punishment has been caused.In the recently released document,the necessity and legitimacy of the exercise in educational punishment power is clearly defined and regulated.Punishment is also an important issue in social theory.Durkheim provided two levels of explanation for punishment.First,he regarded punishment as a moral process,and secondly,he regarded punishment as a“social need.”Combining Durkheim's thoughts,this study analyzes the“anomie”of educational punishment from internal and external factors.The internal factors are containing the narrowness of teachers'educational concepts and the weakness of teachers'legal consciousness.The external factors are containing the tremendous pressures that public opinions give to teachers and the absence of educational legislation.Then,this study puts forward the significance of the“norm”of educational punishment for teachers and students from the perspective of sociological theory.

关 键 词：“失范” “规范” 教育惩戒 涂尔干 

分 类 号：G625[文化科学—教育学]