从错误中学习:尝试提取失败对学习的促进作用  

Learn from Errors:Unsuccessful Retrieval Attempts Facilitate Learning

作　　者：谢亚棋 曲可佳 XIE Yaqi;QU Kejia(School of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian,116029,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Healthy Personality Assessment and Training of Children and Adolescents,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian,116029,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029 [2]辽宁师范大学儿童青少年健康人格评定与培养协同创新中心,大连116029

出　　处：《心理技术与应用》2021年第6期373-381,共9页Psychology(Techniques and Applications)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(15YJC190017);辽宁省教育厅人文社会科学研究基础项目(WJ2020008)。

摘　　要：尝试提取失败益处是指从记忆中提取信息失败仍对后续知识学习和记忆产生促进作用。在对国内外文献进行分析研究的基础上,本文介绍了尝试提取失败益处的研究范式、影响因素和理论解释,并基于此提出未来研究的展望,即深入探讨尝试提取失败益处的理论解释、关注尝试提取失败在程序性知识中的作用、进一步探索提高尝试提取失败益处的元认知判断准确性的方法。The benefit of unsuccessful retrieval attempts is the profitable effect of failure to retrieve information from memory on subsequent learning and memory.Through analyzing the previous studies,we outlined the research paradigms,influencing factors and theoretical explanations of the benefit in this study.On this basis,we pointed out that future research should further consider discussing the theory of the benefit in-depth;focusing on the role of unsuccessful retrieval attempts in procedural knowledge;further exploring ways to improve the accuracy of metacognitive judgments of the benefit.

关 键 词：尝试提取失败 错误 反馈 记忆成绩 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]