种植密度和品种对青饲玉米生物量与营养品质的影响  

Effects of planting density and variety on biomass and nutrient quality of green maize

作　　者：苏亚军 焦婷[2] 吴建平[3] 李玉 豆思远 刘婷[1] 宫旭胤[3,6] 王建福[1] 雷赵民[1] SU Yajun;JIAO Ting;WU Jianping;LI Yu;DOU Siyuan;LIU Ting;GONG Xuyin;WANG Jianfu;LEI Zhaomin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Grass Industry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China;Gansu Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730046,Gansu,China;Institute of Livestock Grass and Green Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃省畜牧技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730030 [5]甘肃省动物疫病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730046 [6]甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第5期935-946,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503134);国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系岗位专家项目(CARS-39-18);甘肃省科技重大专项计划(17ZD2NC020);兰州市科技局重点项目(2012-2-159);甘肃省现代农业(草食畜)产业技术体系专项(GARS-CSX-1)。

摘　　要：通过研究种植密度和品种对青饲玉米(Zea mays)生物量与营养品质的影响,筛选出适宜环县地区的较优青饲玉米品种及种植密度,以期为该区优质青饲玉米的推广种植及牛羊青粗饲草料资源的开发提供理论依据。试验于2019年选用‘东单13’(H1)、‘正大12’(H2)、‘科玉188’(H3)、‘衡远4 038’(H4)及‘濮单6号’(H5) 5个青饲玉米品种为试验材料,每个品种分别设4.50×10^(4) (D1)、5.25×10^(4) (D2)、6.00×10^(4) (D3)、6.75×10^(4) (D4)及7.50×10^(4) (D5)株·hm^(-2)5个种植密度,结果表明,种植密度对鲜草产量和干草产量的影响极显著(P <0.01),对粗灰分(Ash)含量的影响显著(P <0.05)。品种对粗脂肪(EE)、Ash、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、淀粉(ST)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)和总可消化养分(TDN)含量及48 h干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)的影响极显著(P <0.01),对干物质(DM)、水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量的影响显著(P <0.05)。用灰色关联度对各处理生物量和营养品质指标综合评价后,结果排名前三的品种及密度依次为H1D5> H2D4> H3D5。综上,在环县地区表现较优、排名前三的青饲玉米品种及其密度分别为7.50万株·hm^(-2)的‘东单13’、6.75万株·hm^(-2)的‘正大12’及7.50万株·hm^(-2)的‘科玉188’,可在该地区推广种植。The effects of planting density and variety on biomass and nutrient quality of green maize were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of high-quality green forage resources for cattle and sheep.In 2019,the green maize varieties"Dongdan 13"(H1),"Zhengda 12"(H2),"Keyu 188"(H3),"Hengyuan Y4038"(H4),and"Pudan 6"(H5)were selected as test materials and grown at planting densities of 4.50×10^(4)(D1),5.25×10^(4)(D2),6.00×10^(4)(D3),6.75×10^(4)(D4)and 7.55×10^(4)(D5)plants·hm-2.The results showed that planting density had significant effects on the yields of fresh grass and hay(P<0.01)and on the ash content(P<0.05).The contents of ether extract,ash,neutral detergent fiber,acidic detergent fiber,starch,calcium,phosphorus,and total digestible nutrients,and the in vitro dry matter digestibility at 48 h were significantly affected by the varieties(P<0.01),and the contents of dry matter and water soluble carbohydrates were significantly affected(P<0.05).After comprehensive evaluation of biomass and nutrient quality indexes of each treatment with grey correlation degree,the three best varieties and their densities were H1 D5>H2 D4>H3 D5.In conclusion,the three green maize varieties(and their densities)with the best performance in Huanxian region were"Dongdan 13"(7.50×10^(4) plants·hm^(-2)),"Zhengda 12"(6.75×10^(4) plants·hm^(-2))and"Keyu 188"(7.50×10^(4) plants·hm^(-2));these varieties could be popularized in this region.

关 键 词：青饲玉米 品种 种植密度 生物量 营养品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S548