从变更诉讼请求的释明到法律观点的释明——新《民事证据规定》第53条的法解释学分析  

From Claims Changing Elucidation to Legal Viewpoints Elucidation:Analysis of Article 53 of New Rules of Evidence in Civil Proceedings

作　　者：熊跃敏[1] XIONG Yue-min(Law School of Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《现代法学》2021年第3期171-182,共12页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“民事诉讼庭前会议制度研究”(19BFX081)。

摘　　要：当事人所主张的法律关系性质或者民事行为效力与法院的认定不一致时,原《民事证据规定》第35条注重纠纷的一次性解决,规定“人民法院应当告知当事人可以变更诉讼请求”。新《民事证据规定》第53条更为关注对当事人的程序保障,防止突袭性裁判,要求“人民法院应当将法律关系性质或者民事行为效力作为焦点问题进行审理”。实务考察发现,新《民事证据规定》第53条的适用呈现出不同形态:一种表现为消极防止突袭性裁判,另一种则在程序保障的同时积极谋求纠纷的一次性解决。从防止突袭性裁判的核心目的出发,应将新《民事证据规定》第53条定位于法院的法律观点释明义务。具体适用中,应在防止突袭性裁判的同时,兼及纠纷的一次性解决。On the condition that the nature of the legal relation or the validity of the civil acts claimed by the parties are inconsistent with the court’s findings,Article 35 of the original Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedures focuses on the one-off dispute settlement,stipulating that“the People’s court shall inform the parties concerned that the allegations litigation may be changed”,Article 53 of new Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedures pays more attention to procedural safeguards for parties to prevent unexpected judgments,and requires that“the people’s court shall try the nature of the legal relationship or the effectiveness of the civil act as the issue”.Practical investigation finds that the application of Article 53 of the new Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedures presents different forms:one manifests as passive prevention of unexpected judgments,and the other actively seeks one-off disputes settlement while guaranteeing procedures safeguards.Proceeding from the core purpose of preventing unexpected judgments,Article 53 of the new Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedures should be positioned as the court’s obligation of legal viewpoints elucidation.In specific application,unexpected judgments prevention and one-off disputes settlement should be both considered.

关 键 词：变更诉讼请求的释明 法律观点的释明 防止突袭性裁判 程序保障 

分 类 号：DF72[政治法律—诉讼法学]