德国教育体系中私立学校法律地位研究  

On the Legal Status of Private Schools in German Education System

作　　者：李章仙 LI Zhangxian(Postdoctoral Research Station,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学博士后流动站,北京100088

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2021年第5期52-59,共8页International and Comparative Education

摘　　要：私立学校在德国教育体系中的地位日渐凸显。通过法律范畴的调整与规制,德国为私立学校的创设和运转提供了充分的制度保障。私立学校的设立经历了漫长的法律论争,其与公立学校的区分主要体现在法律地位层面。德国以与公立学校是否"等质"为标准,将私立学校划分为替代性学校和补充性学校两种典型模式。德国《基本法》中确立了私立学校的宪法性地位,并赋予其享有自主管理的基本权利与自由。同时,与私立学校设立及管理有关的一切事务均处于联邦与各州的法律调整中,并因此衍生出诸多法律判例。国家在私立学校的监督中扮演的是"守夜人"而非绝对控制者角色,重在对学校设立、教育和管理等事务进行宏观层面的引导。In German education system is the status of private schools increasingly prominent.Through the adjustment and regulation of law,Germany provides sufficient guarantee for the establishment and operation of private schools.The build of private schools had experienced a long legal controversy,and their distinction with public schools mainly reflected in the legal status.Based on whether they can equal as public schools,private schools are divided into two typical models in Germany:alternative schools and complementary schools.German Basic Law set up the constitutional status of private schools and confers them the basic rights and freedom of autonomous management.At the same time,all the affairs related to the establishment and management of private schools are under the control of federal and state laws,which also leads to many legal precedents.In the supervision of private schools,the state plays a role of"night watchman"rather than absolute controller and focus on the macro legal guidance for the establishment,education and operation of schools.

关 键 词：德国 私立学校 公立学校 法律地位 自由权利 

分 类 号：G571.2[文化科学—教育学]