处理器芯片敏捷设计方法:问题与挑战  

Agile Design of Processor Chips:Issues and Challenges

作　　者：包云岗[1,2] 常轶松 韩银和[1,2] 黄立波 李华伟[1,2] 梁云 罗国杰[3] 尚笠[4] 唐丹 王颖[1,2] 解壁伟[1,2] 喻文健 张科[1,2] 孙凝晖[1,2] Bao Yungang;Chang Yisong;Han Yinhe;Huang Libo;Li Huawei;Liang Yun;Luo Guojie;Shang Li;Tang Dan;Wang Ying;Xie Biwei;Yu Wenjian;Zhang Ke;and Sun Ninghui(State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture(Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Beijing 100190;School of Computer Science and Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Center for Energy-Efficient Computing and Applications,Peking University,Beijing 100871;State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System(Fudan University),Shanghai 201203;College of Computer Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073;Department of Computer Science and Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]计算机体系结构国家重点实验室(中国科学院计算技术研究所),北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院,北京100049 [3]北京大学高能效计算与应用中心,北京100871 [4]专用集成电路与系统国家重点实验室(复旦大学),上海201203 [5]国防科技大学计算机学院,长沙410073 [6]清华大学计算机科学与技术系,北京100084

出　　处：《计算机研究与发展》2021年第6期1131-1145,共15页Journal of Computer Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(62090020)。

摘　　要：现有处理器芯片设计主要使用性能导向的设计方法,基于多步骤反复迭代的EDA技术进行性能-面积-功耗综合优化,导致极高的研发成本、周期及技术门槛.借鉴面向对象软件设计思想,以敏捷度(开发周期、开发成本和复杂度)为新的导向指标,在兼顾性能和可靠性的前提下,提出以面向对象体系结构(object-oriented architecture,OOA)设计范式为基础的处理器敏捷设计方法.OOA设计方法旨在通过设计范式、语言与EDA工具,实现通用处理器CPU和专用处理器XPU体系结构细粒度对象的易分解、易组合和易扩展.详细梳理了OOA各技术领域的研究现状,并深入探讨了现有处理器设计方法向OOA设计目标转化存在的诸多挑战.Design of processor chips currently relies on the performance-oriented design method that focuses on hybrid optimizations among chip frequency,area and power consumption with multi-step and repetitive iterations via modern electronic design automation(EDA)techniques.Such conventional methodology results in significant costs,long period and high technical threshold.In this paper,we introduce an object-oriented architecture(OOA)paradigm with the idea borrowed from the software engineering area,and propose an OOA-based agile processor design methodology.Unlike the conventional performance-oriented design method,the proposed OOA-based agile design method mainly aims to shorten the development cycle,and to reduce the cost and complexity without sacrificing performance and reliability,which is evaluated as a new metric,agile degree.OOA expects to implement a series of decomposable,composable,and extensible objects in architectures of both general-purpose CPUs and application-specific XPUs via the object-oriented design paradigm,language and EDA tools.We further summary the research progress in each technical field covered by OOA,and analyze the challenges that may arise in the future research of OOA-based agile design methodology.

关 键 词：处理器芯片设计 面向对象体系结构 设计范式 芯片敏捷设计语言 EDA工具 

分 类 号：TP332[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]