虎父无犬子吗--教育在代际流动中的作用机制分析  

Does A Wise Goose Never Lay a Tame Egg:An Analysis of the Functional Mechanism of Education’s Role in the Intergenerational Mobility

作　　者：乐志强 尹科 YUE Zhiqiang;YIN Ke(Institute of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;Core Curriculum Department,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学教育研究院,南昌330022 [2]江西理工大学基础课教学部,南昌330013

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2021年第4期91-104,共14页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“教育与经济发展关系及其贡献研究”(15JZD040);江西省社会科学规划一般项目“我国高等教育与农村生源大学生社会分层的关系研究”(14JY09)。

摘　　要：目前关于教育在代际流动中作用机制的研究往往忽视家庭背景因素可能造成的教育不平等,或者较少考虑宏观环境因素对代际流动的影响。为弥补这一不足,可从收入代际流动的视角,将父代收入对子代教育获得的影响以及子代教育获得对其收入的影响这两个问题结合起来进行研究,并关注宏观环境的作用。结合相关文献,从理论上分析教育在代际流动中的作用机制,研究结果显示:优势家庭通过投资子代教育进行代际地位传递是合理的,但会导致教育不平等;教育在代际流动中的中介效应较大,但受到公共教育经费投入政策、教育扩张政策、收入不平等等宏观环境的影响;教育对我国代际流动性的解释力可能低于社会资本和财富资本。由此,建议健全婴幼儿教育和医疗保健体系、改善家庭教养方式和儿童成长环境、加大对低收入地区和家庭的教育财政投入、完善公共服务体系和社会保障制度。At present,the research on the mechanism of education in intergenerational mobility often ignores the education inequality caused by family background factors,or less considers the impact of macro environmental factors on intergenerational mobility.In order to make up for the deficiency,from the perspective of intergenerational income flow,a study was made on the influence of parents’income on their children’s education and the influence of children’s education on their income,giving attention to the role of macro environment.Combined with relevant literature,the mechanism of education was analyzed theoretically in intergenerational mobility,and the following conclusions were obtained:it is reasonable for dominant families to transfer their intergenerational status by investing in their children’s education,but it will lead to educational inequality;the intermediary effect of education in intergenerational mobility is large,but it is affected by public education funding policy,education expansion policy,income inequality and so on;the explanation of education to intergenerational mobility in China may be lower than that of social capital and wealth capital.Therefore,the following suggestions were put forward:improving the infant education and health care system and the family upbringing and children’s growth environment,increasing financial investment in education in low-income areas and families,and improving the public service system and social security system.

关 键 词：代际流动 教育获得 公共教育政策 收入不平等 教育不平等 

分 类 号：G646[文化科学—高等教育学]