多民族地区民族心理距离对教育政策过程的影响——以贵州省义务教育均衡政策为例  

The Influence of Ethnic Psychological Distance on Educational Policy Process in Multi-ethnic Areas——Taking the Policy of Compulsory Education in Guizhou Province as an Example

作　　者：郭人豪 GUO Ren-hao(School of Psychology,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083;Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学心理学院,北京100083 [2]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2021年第2期108-114,共7页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2018年度教育学青年课题“深度贫困民族地区教育脱贫政策措施研究:以‘三区三州’为例”(项目编号:CMA180244)的阶段性成果;中央高校基本科研业务费资助。

摘　　要：从民族心理距离的视角对贵州省义务教育均衡政策体系进行分析,可以发现,决策者民族心理距离影响教育政策思路,基于民族平等的价值立场形成了一系列弱势补偿的倾斜教育政策;执行者民族心理距离影响教育政策的转化效度,教育政策执行者对教育政策、轻重缓急的筛选、执行程度与力度等基于民族心理距离的判断。教育政策对象的民族心理距离影响教育政策的认同度,教育政策与民族心理距离越近,教育政策对象越容易接受。反之,心理距离越远,越容易排斥。提升多民族地区教育政策的有效性,要从民族心理调控入手,铸牢中华民族共同体意识,凝聚共识,使教育政策活动者达成一致政策目标;决策环节坚持问题导向,使制度安排与政策对象保持合理的民族心理距离;执行环节找到教育政策与民族心理的契合点,增强教育政策认同度;加强宣传引导,培育教育政策对象优良的民族心理个性。From the perspective of ethnic psychological distance,this paper analyzes the policy system of compulsory education in Guizhou Province,and finds that the ethnic psychological distance of policy makers affects the mentality of education policy,and forms a series of preferential education policies based on the value position of ethnic equality. The ethnic psychological distance of the implementer affects the transformation validity of the educational policy. The implementer cognition of the educational policy,the selection of priorities,the degree and strength of implementations are based on the judgment of the ethnic psychological distance. The closer the distance between the educational policy and the ethnic psychology,the easier the policy object is to accept;the farther the psychological distance,the easier it is to reject. To enhance the effectiveness of education policy in multi-ethnic areas,we should start with the regulation of etjmoc psychology and strengthen the consciousness of Chinese national community,In the process of decisionmaking,we should adhere to the problem orientation to keep a reasonable ethnic psychological distance between the institutional arrangement and the policy objects. In the process of implementation,we should find the conjunction between the educational policy and the ethnic psychology to enhance the recognition of the educational policy. We should strengthen publicity and guidance to cultivate the excellent ethnic psychological personality of the educational policy objects.

关 键 词：民族心理 心理距离 教育政策 教育政策活动者 

分 类 号：G750[文化科学—教育学]